TXNDC13 Activators
TXNDC13 activators primarily include molecules that induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress or disrupt protein folding, thereby indirectly increasing the demand for TXNDC13's protein disulfide isomerase activity. For instance, Thapsigargin, A23187, Brefeldin A, Monensin, and Cyclopiazonic Acid induce ER stress through various mechanisms. Thapsigargin and Cyclopiazonic Acid inhibit the SERCA pump, depleting ER calcium stores, while A23187 disrupts cellular calcium homeostasis and Monensin disrupts cellular ion gradients. Brefeldin A disrupts protein transport from the ER to the Golgi, leading to an accumulation of proteins in the ER and thus ER stress. In response to the increased load of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER, TXNDC13 can be activated to assist in protein folding and disulfide bond formation.
On the other hand, DTT, a reducing agent, can indirectly activate TXNDC13 by increasing the demand for disulfide bond formation and rearrangement. Tunicamycin inhibits N-linked glycosylation,leading to glycosylation defects that TXNDC13 can respond to by assisting in protein folding. In the same vein, 2-Deoxy-D-glucose can indirectly activate TXNDC13 due to increased cellular stress and consequent increase in misfolded proteins. Eeyarestatin I, which inhibits ER-associated degradation, also leads to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER, indirectly activating TXNDC13.
Chemical chaperones like Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate and Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid also indirectly activate TXNDC13 by increasing the demand for protein folding assistance. Similarly, MG-132 can indirectly activate TXNDC13 by causing the accumulation of misfolded proteins.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tunicamycin | 11089-65-9 | sc-3506A sc-3506 | 5 mg 10 mg | $169.00 $299.00 | 66 | |
Tunicamycin inhibits N-linked glycosylation. TXNDC13, as a protein disulfide isomerase, can assist in protein folding in response to glycosylation defects caused by Tunicamycin, indirectly increasing its activity. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $94.00 $349.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin induces endoplasmic reticulum stress by inhibiting the SERCA pump and depleting ER calcium stores. TXNDC13, being a protein disulfide isomerase, can be indirectly activated to assist in protein folding during ER stress. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $54.00 $128.00 $199.00 $311.00 | 23 | |
A23187 is a mobile ion carrier that can transport Ca2+ across cell membranes, disrupting calcium homeostasis. This disruption can induce ER stress and indirectly activate TXNDC13, which assists in protein folding during ER stress. | ||||||
Brefeldin A | 20350-15-6 | sc-200861C sc-200861 sc-200861A sc-200861B | 1 mg 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $30.00 $52.00 $122.00 $367.00 | 25 | |
Brefeldin A disrupts the structure of the Golgi apparatus and interferes with protein transport from the ER to Golgi. This action can indirectly activate TXNDC13 by increasing the load of unfolded proteins in the ER. | ||||||
2-Deoxy-D-glucose | 154-17-6 | sc-202010 sc-202010A | 1 g 5 g | $65.00 $210.00 | 26 | |
2-Deoxy-D-glucose inhibits glycolysis, causing cellular stress. This stress can lead to an increase in misfolded proteins, indirectly activating TXNDC13 as it assists in protein folding. | ||||||
Sodium phenylbutyrate | 1716-12-7 | sc-200652 sc-200652A sc-200652B sc-200652C sc-200652D | 1 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg 10 kg | $75.00 $163.00 $622.00 $4906.00 $32140.00 | 43 | |
Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate is a chemical chaperone that assists in protein folding. Its presence can indirectly activate TXNDC13 by increasing the demand for protein folding assistance. | ||||||
Monensin A | 17090-79-8 | sc-362032 sc-362032A | 5 mg 25 mg | $152.00 $515.00 | ||
Monensin is an ionophore that disrupts cellular ion gradients, leading to ER stress. This stress can indirectly activate TXNDC13, as it assists in protein folding during ER stress. | ||||||
Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid, Sodium Salt | 14605-22-2 | sc-281165 | 1 g | $644.00 | 5 | |
Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid is a bile acid that can act as a chemical chaperone, assisting in protein folding. This action can indirectly activate TXNDC13 by increasing the demand for protein folding assistance. | ||||||
MG-132 [Z-Leu- Leu-Leu-CHO] | 133407-82-6 | sc-201270 sc-201270A sc-201270B | 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $56.00 $260.00 $980.00 | 163 | |
MG-132 is a proteasome inhibitor that can lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins. This accumulation can indirectly activate TXNDC13, which assists in protein folding. | ||||||
Cyclopiazonic Acid | 18172-33-3 | sc-201510 sc-201510A | 10 mg 50 mg | $173.00 $612.00 | 3 | |
Cyclopiazonic Acid inhibits the SERCA pump, disrupting ER calcium homeostasis and inducing ER stress. This stress can indirectly activate TXNDC13, which assists in protein folding during ER stress. | ||||||