TMEM179B Activators
TMEM179B function via diverse intracellular signaling pathways to modulate its activity. Forskolin, a diterpene, directly stimulates adenylyl cyclase, which in turn elevates intracellular cAMP levels. The increased cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which can phosphorylate TMEM179B, leading to its activation. Similarly, IBMX, by inhibiting phosphodiesterases, prevents the breakdown of cAMP and cGMP, thus sustaining their levels in the cell and enhancing PKA or PKG activity, which can also target TMEM179B for phosphorylation. Isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, and PGE2, through its action on G-protein-coupled EP receptors, both result in increased cAMP production via adenylyl cyclase activation. This rise in cAMP further triggers PKA and may influence the phosphorylation state of TMEM179B. Rolipram, by selectively inhibiting phosphodiesterase-4, and Dibutyryl-cAMP, a permeable analog of cAMP, both elevate cAMP levels and thereby activate PKA, which can subsequently phosphorylate TMEM179B.
Continuing the activation cascade, ionomycin and A23187 act as calcium ionophores, increasing intracellular calcium concentrations. The influx of calcium ions can activate calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases (CaMK), which may then phosphorylate TMEM179B. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) activates protein kinase C (PKC), a kinase that can phosphorylate various substrates including TMEM179B. BAY 60-6583, an adenosine receptor agonist, increases cAMP, which is a signal for PKA activation that can lead to the phosphorylation of TMEM179B. Zaprinast inhibits phosphodiesterases 5 and 6, increasing cGMP levels, which in turn can activate PKG, another kinase with the capacity to phosphorylate TMEM179B. Anisomycin, while not directly influencing cAMP or calcium pathways, activates stress-activated protein kinases such as JNK, which can also target TMEM179B for activation through phosphorylation. These chemicals, through their varied mechanisms, engage different kinases that converge on the phosphorylation and regulation of TMEM179B activity.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly activates adenylyl cyclase, increasing intracellular levels of cAMP. Elevated cAMP can activate PKA (protein kinase A), which may phosphorylate and thereby activate TMEM179B as part of downstream signal transduction. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $159.00 $315.00 $598.00 | 34 | |
IBMX is a nonspecific inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, which degrade cAMP and cGMP. By inhibiting these enzymes, IBMX raises the levels of cAMP and cGMP in the cell, which could activate PKA or PKG, respectively, leading to the activation of TMEM179B through phosphorylation. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $27.00 $37.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol is an agonist of beta-adrenergic receptors which, when activated, lead to an increase in cAMP levels via adenylyl cyclase activation. The resultant PKA activation can lead to phosphorylation of proteins including TMEM179B. | ||||||
PGE2 | 363-24-6 | sc-201225 sc-201225C sc-201225A sc-201225B | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 50 mg | $56.00 $156.00 $270.00 $665.00 | 37 | |
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) binds to its G-protein-coupled receptors (EP receptors), leading to an increase in cAMP levels through adenylyl cyclase stimulation. This rise in cAMP could activate PKA and potentially lead to the activation of TMEM179B. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $75.00 $212.00 | 18 | |
Rolipram is a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor that prevents cAMP breakdown, leading to increased intracellular cAMP levels and subsequent PKA activation. PKA could then phosphorylate TMEM179B, leading to its activation. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $254.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor that can activate stress-activated protein kinases, such as JNK. JNK activation can lead to phosphorylation of downstream targets, potentially including TMEM179B, resulting in its activation. | ||||||
Dibutyryl-cAMP | 16980-89-5 | sc-201567 sc-201567A sc-201567B sc-201567C | 20 mg 100 mg 500 mg 10 g | $45.00 $130.00 $480.00 $4450.00 | 74 | |
Dibutyryl-cAMP is a cell-permeable cAMP analog that directly activates cAMP-dependent pathways, including PKA. Once inside the cell, it could activate PKA, which in turn could phosphorylate and activate TMEM179B. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that increases intracellular calcium levels. Elevated calcium can activate calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMK), which may subsequently phosphorylate and activate TMEM179B. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates protein kinase C (PKC), which can phosphorylate a variety of proteins. Activation of PKC could lead to phosphorylation and activation of TMEM179B. | ||||||
BAY 60-6583 | 910487-58-0 | sc-503262 | 10 mg | $210.00 | ||
BAY 60-6583 is a selective A2B adenosine receptor agonist, which can increase intracellular cAMP levels. This activation of cAMP signaling could lead to PKA activation, potentially phosphorylating and activating TMEM179B. | ||||||