TBRG1 Activators
TBRG1 utilize various biochemical pathways to modulate the activity of this protein by altering its phosphorylation state. Forskolin, by direct stimulation of adenylate cyclase, increases intracellular cAMP levels, which in turn activate protein kinase A (PKA). The activated PKA can phosphorylate TBRG1, which alters its activity. Similarly, isoproterenol and epinephrine, by binding to beta-adrenergic receptors, also raise cAMP levels and subsequently activate PKA, leading to the phosphorylation of TBRG1. The cAMP analogs 8-Bromo-cAMP and dibutyryl-cAMP serve as additional activators by directly stimulating PKA, which then targets TBRG1 for phosphorylation. IBMX, by inhibiting cAMP degradation, indirectly sustains PKA activity, which is another pathway that results in TBRG1 phosphorylation.
ITBRG1 activation can also occur through calcium and diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent mechanisms. Ionomycin, by increasing intracellular calcium levels, can activate calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK), which may target TBRG1 or associated proteins for phosphorylation. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) mimics DAG and activates protein kinase C (PKC), which is known to phosphorylate a wide range of proteins, including TBRG1. The stress-activated pathway, involving anisomycin, leads to the activation of stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) such as JNK, which could also phosphorylate TBRG1. Furthermore, okadaic acid and calyculin A inhibit protein phosphatases like PP1 and PP2A, preventing the dephosphorylation of TBRG1, thereby sustaining its phosphorylated, active state. Lastly, vinpocetine inhibits phosphodiesterases, resulting in an increase in cAMP levels and the consequential activation of PKA, which in turn can phosphorylate and activate TBRG1.
SEE ALSO...
Items 1 to 10 of 12 total
Display:
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly stimulates adenylate cyclase, leading to an increase in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels, which can result in the activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). PKA can phosphorylate and thereby activate TBRG1, as phosphorylation is a common regulatory mechanism for protein function. | ||||||
8-Bromo-cAMP | 76939-46-3 | sc-201564 sc-201564A | 10 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $224.00 | 30 | |
8-Bromo-cAMP is a cell-permeable cAMP analog that activates PKA. Activated PKA can then phosphorylate TBRG1, which may alter its conformation and enhance its activity. | ||||||
Ionomycin, free acid | 56092-81-0 | sc-263405 sc-263405A | 1 mg 5 mg | $94.00 $259.00 | 2 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that increases intracellular calcium levels. Elevated calcium can activate calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK), which might phosphorylate TBRG1 or its interacting partners, resulting in the activation of TBRG1. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates protein kinase C (PKC), which can then phosphorylate target proteins, including TBRG1. Phosphorylation by PKC is known to regulate the activity of various proteins. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $27.00 $37.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol is a beta-adrenergic agonist that increases cAMP levels by activating adenylate cyclase via the beta-adrenergic receptor, leading to PKA activation, which can phosphorylate and activate TBRG1. | ||||||
(−)-Epinephrine | 51-43-4 | sc-205674 sc-205674A sc-205674B sc-205674C sc-205674D | 1 g 5 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg | $40.00 $102.00 $197.00 $1739.00 $16325.00 | ||
Epinephrine binds to and activates beta-adrenergic receptors, resulting in increased cAMP levels and PKA activation. PKA can phosphorylate TBRG1, leading to its activation. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $159.00 $315.00 $598.00 | 34 | |
IBMX is a non-selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, which degrade cAMP. By preventing cAMP degradation, IBMX indirectly increases PKA activity, which can phosphorylate and activate TBRG1. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $254.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor that can activate stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs), such as JNK. Activated JNK has been implicated in the phosphorylation of various substrates, potentially including TBRG1, leading to its activation. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $285.00 $520.00 $1300.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic acid is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A, leading to increased phosphorylation levels of proteins. Persistent phosphorylation could result in the activation of TBRG1 by preventing its dephosphorylation. | ||||||
Calyculin A | 101932-71-2 | sc-24000 sc-24000A sc-24000B sc-24000C | 10 µg 100 µg 500 µg 1 mg | $160.00 $750.00 $1400.00 $3000.00 | 59 | |
Similar to okadaic acid, calyculin A inhibits protein phosphatases, which could lead to the sustained phosphorylation and subsequent activation of TBRG1. | ||||||