T2R22 Activators
Chemical activators of T2R22 can induce intracellular signaling pathways that lead to the perception of bitterness. Capsaicin, a compound known for its pungency in chili peppers, acts on T2R22 by activating TRPV1 channels. This activation can increase intracellular calcium levels, which in turn can trigger the signaling cascade involving T2R22. Similarly, quinine, a naturally occurring compound, activates T2R22 by engaging with G-protein-coupled receptors that are part of the receptor's signaling mechanism. This interaction prompts a conformational change that activates the receptor. Denatonium benzoate, one of the most bitter substances known, activates T2R22 by binding to its extracellular domain. This binding event leads to a conformational alteration in T2R22, initiating the signaling process that results in bitter taste perception.
In addition to these, several sweeteners and other bitter compounds have been identified as activators of T2R22. Sucralose, despite being a sweetener, can interact with and activate T2R22, leading to the sensation of bitterness. Caffeine, widely consumed for its stimulating effects, indirectly activates T2R22 by modulating cAMP levels through its action on adenosine receptors, which can influence T2R22 signaling pathways. Similarly, saccharin and acesulfame potassium, both artificial sweeteners, can directly activate T2R22, resulting in bitter taste transduction. Other compounds such as PTU, naringin, aloin, phenylthiocarbamide, and magnesium sulfate also bind to T2R22, inducing structural changes that activate the receptor. For example, PTU interacts with the active site of T2R22, naringin and aloin bind directly to the receptor, phenylthiocarbamide activates T2R22 through direct interaction, and magnesium sulfate engages with the receptor's external domain, all leading to the activation of the receptor and subsequent bitter taste signaling.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capsaicin | 404-86-4 | sc-3577 sc-3577C sc-3577D sc-3577A | 50 mg 250 mg 500 mg 1 g | $94.00 $173.00 $255.00 $423.00 | 26 | |
Capsaicin activates TRPV1 channels, which can serve as a secondary messenger in various signaling pathways, leading to the activation of T2R22 as the cell responds to the increased intracellular calcium levels. | ||||||
Quinine | 130-95-0 | sc-212616 sc-212616A sc-212616B sc-212616C sc-212616D | 1 g 5 g 10 g 25 g 50 g | $77.00 $102.00 $163.00 $347.00 $561.00 | 1 | |
Quinine activates G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and since T2R22 is a GPCR, quinine binding can result in a change in conformation of T2R22, leading to its activation through intracellular signaling cascades. | ||||||
Denatonium benzoate | 3734-33-6 | sc-234525 sc-234525A sc-234525B sc-234525C sc-234525D | 1 g 5 g 25 g 100 g 250 g | $31.00 $46.00 $138.00 $464.00 $903.00 | ||
Denatonium Benzoate, known for its extreme bitterness, can activate T2R22 by binding to its extracellular domain, causing a conformational change that triggers downstream signaling pathways associated with bitter taste reception. | ||||||
Sucralose | 56038-13-2 | sc-222332 sc-222332A | 100 mg 1 g | $130.00 $454.00 | ||
Sucralose, although a sweetener, can paradoxically activate certain bitter taste receptors like T2R22 by binding to the receptor, leading to its activation and subsequent bitter taste signal transduction. | ||||||
Caffeine | 58-08-2 | sc-202514 sc-202514A sc-202514B sc-202514C sc-202514D | 5 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 5 kg | $32.00 $66.00 $95.00 $188.00 $760.00 | 13 | |
Caffeine binds to adenosine receptors, which can indirectly lead to the activation of T2R22 by altering cAMP levels and thus affecting the signaling pathways that T2R22 is part of. | ||||||
Saccharin | 81-07-2 | sc-212902 sc-212902A sc-212902B | 100 mg 1 g 10 g | $173.00 $235.00 $286.00 | ||
Saccharin can activate T2R22 by binding to its ligand-binding site, initiating the G protein-coupled receptor pathway and resulting in the perception of a bitter taste. | ||||||
Acesulfame Potassium | 55589-62-3 | sc-210736 | 25 g | $240.00 | ||
Acesulfame Potassium can activate bitter taste receptors like T2R22 by direct interaction, leading to conformational changes and the activation of associated G-protein signaling pathways. | ||||||
6-Propyl-2-thiouracil | 51-52-5 | sc-214383 sc-214383A sc-214383B sc-214383C | 10 g 25 g 100 g 1 kg | $36.00 $55.00 $220.00 $1958.00 | ||
PTU activates T2R22 by binding to the receptor's active site, inducing a structural change that triggers the bitter taste signaling cascade within taste bud cells. | ||||||
Naringin | 10236-47-2 | sc-203443 sc-203443A | 25 g 50 g | $44.00 $99.00 | 7 | |
Naringin activates T2R22 through direct binding, which is evidenced by the bitter taste it imparts in grapefruits, suggesting its role in triggering the GPCR pathway associated with T2R22 activation. | ||||||
Aloin | 1415-73-2 | sc-214525 sc-214525A | 25 mg 100 mg | $156.00 $266.00 | 1 | |
Aloin can directly activate T2R22 upon binding, which is indicated by its bitter taste and the engagement of bitter taste GPCR signaling pathways that lead to T2R22 activation. | ||||||