IFN-δ Activators
IFN-δ activators encompass a diverse array of chemical compounds that exert their effects through intricate signaling pathways, indirectly modulating the expression of interferon-delta (IFN-δ). These compounds engage with various cellular mechanisms, showcasing the interconnectedness of signaling cascades within the cell. One prominent group includes sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which activates IFN-δ indirectly by engaging the sphingolipid pathway. S1P receptor activation triggers downstream signaling, including the PI3K-Akt pathway, culminating in enhanced IFN-δ expression. Similarly, forskolin, a potent adenylate cyclase activator, stimulates the CREB pathway, indirectly upregulating IFN-δ transcription through CREB-mediated mechanisms.
In addition, lithium chloride serves as a GSK-3β inhibitor, influencing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Lithium's inhibition of GSK-3β stabilizes β-catenin, leading to enhanced interaction with transcription factors and subsequent upregulation of IFN-δ. Retinoic acid and tretinoin, both retinoids, modulate gene expression through retinoic acid receptors, indirectly impacting IFN-δ by creating a transcriptionally permissive environment. Furthermore, sodium valproate acts as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, promoting histone acetylation and facilitating an open chromatin structure favorable for IFN-δ expression. Resveratrol, through SIRT1 activation, influences histone acetylation, contributing to the transcriptional permissiveness of IFN-δ gene promoters. Dibutyryl cAMP, 5-azacytidine, A769662, wortmannin, and SB203580 showcase diverse mechanisms of action, including PKA activation, DNA demethylation, AMPK modulation, PI3K inhibition, and p38 MAPK inhibition, respectively. These compounds collectively highlight the intricate web of cellular pathways involved in the indirect activation of IFN-δ, underscoring the complexity of cellular regulation and the multifaceted nature of IFN-δ activators.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D-erythro-Sphingosine-1-phosphate | 26993-30-6 | sc-201383 sc-201383D sc-201383A sc-201383B sc-201383C | 1 mg 2 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $162.00 $316.00 $559.00 $889.00 $1693.00 | 7 | |
S1P, a bioactive lipid, activates IFN-δ indirectly by modulating the sphingolipid pathway. S1P receptor activation triggers downstream signaling, including the PI3K-Akt pathway, enhancing IFN-δ expression. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin activates adenylate cyclase, leading to increased cAMP levels. Elevated cAMP activates PKA, which, in turn, stimulates the CREB pathway. This cascade indirectly upregulates IFN-δ by enhancing transcription through CREB-mediated mechanisms. | ||||||
Lithium | 7439-93-2 | sc-252954 | 50 g | $214.00 | ||
Lithium acts as a GSK-3β inhibitor, influencing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. By inhibiting GSK-3β, lithium indirectly activates IFN-δ expression through the stabilization and nuclear translocation of β-catenin, enhancing its interaction with relevant transcription factors. | ||||||
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $65.00 $319.00 $575.00 $998.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic acid modulates gene expression by binding to nuclear receptors. It indirectly activates IFN-δ by influencing the retinoic acid receptor-mediated signaling pathway. This leads to enhanced transcriptional activation of IFN-δ, contributing to its upregulation. | ||||||
Valproic Acid | 99-66-1 | sc-213144 | 10 g | $85.00 | 9 | |
Valproate functions as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. By inhibiting HDAC, it promotes histone acetylation, leading to altered chromatin structure and enhanced accessibility of IFN-δ gene promoters, indirectly contributing to increased IFN-δ expression. | ||||||
Resveratrol | 501-36-0 | sc-200808 sc-200808A sc-200808B | 100 mg 500 mg 5 g | $60.00 $185.00 $365.00 | 64 | |
Resveratrol activates SIRT1, a deacetylase involved in cellular homeostasis. SIRT1, when activated, indirectly influences IFN-δ by modulating histone acetylation and chromatin structure, promoting a transcriptionally permissive environment for IFN-δ gene expression. | ||||||
Dibutyryl-cAMP | 16980-89-5 | sc-201567 sc-201567A sc-201567B sc-201567C | 20 mg 100 mg 500 mg 10 g | $45.00 $130.00 $480.00 $4450.00 | 74 | |
Dibutyryl cAMP, a cell-permeable cAMP analog, activates PKA, triggering downstream events that indirectly influence IFN-δ expression. This involves the activation of CREB, which enhances transcription and contributes to the indirect activation of IFN-δ. | ||||||
5-Azacytidine | 320-67-2 | sc-221003 | 500 mg | $280.00 | 4 | |
5-Azacytidine, a demethylating agent, influences DNA methylation patterns. By demethylating the promoter regions of IFN-δ, it indirectly activates the gene, leading to increased transcription and subsequent upregulation of IFN-δ expression. | ||||||
A-769662 | 844499-71-4 | sc-203790 sc-203790A sc-203790B sc-203790C sc-203790D | 10 mg 50 mg 100 mg 500 mg 1 g | $180.00 $726.00 $1055.00 $3350.00 $5200.00 | 23 | |
A769662 activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), influencing cellular energy homeostasis. Through AMPK-mediated pathways, this compound indirectly modulates IFN-δ expression by regulating transcription factors and coactivators involved in IFN-δ gene activation. | ||||||
Wortmannin | 19545-26-7 | sc-3505 sc-3505A sc-3505B | 1 mg 5 mg 20 mg | $66.00 $219.00 $417.00 | 97 | |
Wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor, influences the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Inhibition of PI3K leads to downstream effects that indirectly activate IFN-δ by modulating the Akt-mTOR pathway, contributing to enhanced IFN-δ expression at the transcriptional level. | ||||||