H2-Ab Activators
The H2-Ab gene plays a pivotal role in the immune response of mice, as it encodes for a critical part of the MHC class II molecule. This gene is essential for the proper functioning of the immune system, particularly in the presentation of exogenous antigens to helper T cells. The H2-Ab gene is responsible for the production of a protein that presents these antigens on the surface of certain immune cells, including B cells and macrophages. The expression of H2-Ab is an intricately controlled process, responsive to various internal and external stimuli. This precise regulation ensures that the immune system is responsive to pathogens, yet also maintains tolerance to self-antigens, preventing autoimmunity. The dynamic modulation of H2-Ab expression allows for a flexible and appropriate immune response, adapting to the presence of different pathogens or immunological challenges.
Various chemicals have been identified that can induce the expression of the H2-Ab gene, each utilizing unique pathways to exert their influence. For instance, microbial components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) can initiate signaling through toll-like receptors, which in turn can enhance the expression of H2-Ab. Cytokines like interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) serve as immune system messengers and can signal for increased H2-Ab expression. Synthetic activators such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) have been found to activate certain kinase pathways leading to an upsurge in H2-Ab levels. Mimics of viral and bacterial nucleic acids, namely polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, can also induce an immune response that includes the stimulation of H2-Ab expression. Additionally, epigenetic modifiers like 5-azacytidine may influence the expression of H2-Ab by altering DNA methylation patterns. These activators work through various signaling pathways and transcriptional mechanisms to ensure that H2-Ab gene expression is responsive to the immunological needs of the organism.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lipopolysaccharide, E. coli O55:B5 | 93572-42-0 | sc-221855 sc-221855A sc-221855B sc-221855C | 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg 500 mg | $96.00 $166.00 $459.00 $1615.00 | 12 | |
LPS binds to TLR4 on immune cells, initiating a signaling cascade that results in the upregulation of the H2-Ab gene. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates protein kinase C, which can lead to increased transcription of the H2-Ab gene through activation of AP-1 transcriptional activity. | ||||||
5-Azacytidine | 320-67-2 | sc-221003 | 500 mg | $280.00 | 4 | |
5-Azacytidine acts as a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, potentially leading to hypomethylation and activation of the H2-Ab gene. | ||||||
Trichostatin A | 58880-19-6 | sc-3511 sc-3511A sc-3511B sc-3511C sc-3511D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 50 mg | $149.00 $470.00 $620.00 $1199.00 $2090.00 | 33 | |
Trichostatin A inhibits histone deacetylases, causing changes in chromatin structure that can lead to enhanced expression of the H2-Ab gene. | ||||||
Sodium Butyrate | 156-54-7 | sc-202341 sc-202341B sc-202341A sc-202341C | 250 mg 5 g 25 g 500 g | $30.00 $46.00 $82.00 $218.00 | 19 | |
As a histone deacetylase inhibitor, sodium butyrate can alter chromatin structure and potentially increase H2-Ab gene expression. | ||||||
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $65.00 $319.00 $575.00 $998.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic acid, a derivative of vitamin A, can modulate gene expression, including that of H2-Ab, through retinoid receptors. | ||||||
Zymosan | 9010-72-4 | sc-296863 sc-296863A | 100 mg 1 g | $97.00 $587.00 | 1 | |
Zymosan is recognized by TLR2 and Dectin-1, and its uptake can trigger a signaling pathway leading to increased H2-Ab expression. | ||||||
Imiquimod | 99011-02-6 | sc-200385 sc-200385A | 100 mg 500 mg | $66.00 $278.00 | 6 | |
As an immune response modifier, imiquimod can activate TLR7 and may lead to upregulation of H2-Ab gene expression. | ||||||
Resveratrol | 501-36-0 | sc-200808 sc-200808A sc-200808B | 100 mg 500 mg 5 g | $60.00 $185.00 $365.00 | 64 | |
Resveratrol, a polyphenol, may enhance H2-Ab expression through its immunomodulatory effects on NF-κB signaling pathways. | ||||||
Curcumin | 458-37-7 | sc-200509 sc-200509A sc-200509B sc-200509C sc-200509D sc-200509F sc-200509E | 1 g 5 g 25 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 2.5 kg | $36.00 $68.00 $107.00 $214.00 $234.00 $862.00 $1968.00 | 47 | |
Curcumin has been shown to modulate several signaling pathways, potentially affecting the expression of the H2-Ab gene. | ||||||