glypican-3 Activators
Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan that plays essential roles in regulating various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and migration. Primarily expressed in fetal tissues, GPC3 is crucial for embryonic development and organogenesis. In adults, GPC3 expression is largely restricted to specific tissues, with notable expression in the liver, where it is implicated in regulating hepatocyte proliferation and growth factor signaling. Furthermore, GPC3 is increasingly recognized for its involvement in various cancers, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), where it functions as both a tumor suppressor and an oncogene, depending on the context.
The activation of GPC3 involves intricate molecular mechanisms that modulate its function and signaling pathways. One common mechanism of GPC3 activation is through its interaction with growth factors and cytokines, such as Wnt, Hedgehog, and FGF signaling pathways. In these pathways, GPC3 acts as a co-receptor or modulator, enhancing or inhibiting the downstream signaling cascades involved in cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Additionally, GPC3 can undergo post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation and cleavage, which regulate its localization, stability, and interaction with ligands. Furthermore, GPC3 activation can also occur through the modulation of its expression levels or subcellular localization, mediated by transcriptional regulators or intracellular trafficking machinery. Overall, the activation of GPC3 is a tightly regulated process that integrates various signaling inputs to control cellular behaviors and functions in both normal development and pathological conditions such as cancer.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $66.00 $325.00 $587.00 $1018.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic acid, a derivative of vitamin A, activates glypican-3 expression through the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling pathway. RAR binds to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) in the glypican-3 gene promoter, promoting its transcription. | ||||||
Lithium | 7439-93-2 | sc-252954 | 50 g | $214.00 | ||
Lithium chloride activates Wnt signaling indirectly by inhibiting GSK-3β. In turn, activated Wnt signaling positively regulates glypican-3 expression. | ||||||
SB 431542 | 301836-41-9 | sc-204265 sc-204265A sc-204265B | 1 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $82.00 $216.00 $416.00 | 48 | |
SB431542 is a selective inhibitor of the TGF-β receptor kinase. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling by SB431542 can lead to increased glypican-3 expression, as TGF-β negatively regulates glypican-3 at the transcriptional level. | ||||||
LY 294002 | 154447-36-6 | sc-201426 sc-201426A | 5 mg 25 mg | $123.00 $400.00 | 148 | |
LY294002 is a PI3K inhibitor. Inhibition of PI3K can indirectly upregulate glypican-3 expression by suppressing the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which negatively regulates glypican-3 expression. | ||||||
(±)-JQ1 | 1268524-69-1 | sc-472932 sc-472932A | 5 mg 25 mg | $231.00 $863.00 | 1 | |
JQ1 is a bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein inhibitor. Inhibition of BET proteins can suppress the expression of factors that negatively regulate glypican-3, resulting in increased glypican-3 levels. | ||||||
BAY 11-7082 | 19542-67-7 | sc-200615B sc-200615 sc-200615A | 5 mg 10 mg 50 mg | $62.00 $85.00 $356.00 | 155 | |
BAY 11-7082 is an inhibitor of NF-κB activation. Inhibition of NF-κB can lead to increased glypican-3 expression, as NF-κB negatively regulates glypican-3 transcription. | ||||||
Rapamycin | 53123-88-9 | sc-3504 sc-3504A sc-3504B | 1 mg 5 mg 25 mg | $63.00 $158.00 $326.00 | 233 | |
Rapamycin inhibits mTOR, and the inhibition of mTOR can indirectly upregulate glypican-3 expression. mTOR negatively regulates glypican-3 through a complex interplay with the PI3K/Akt pathway. | ||||||
SP600125 | 129-56-6 | sc-200635 sc-200635A | 10 mg 50 mg | $40.00 $150.00 | 257 | |
SP600125 is a JNK inhibitor. Inhibition of JNK can indirectly upregulate glypican-3 expression by suppressing the JNK signaling pathway, which negatively regulates glypican-3 expression. | ||||||
Histone Lysine Methyltransferase Inhibitor Inhibitor | 935693-62-2 (free base) | sc-202651 | 5 mg | $151.00 | 4 | |
BIX 01294 is a G9a histone methyltransferase inhibitor. Inhibition of G9a can lead to increased glypican-3 expression by modulating the epigenetic regulation of the glypican-3 gene. | ||||||
MG-132 [Z-Leu- Leu-Leu-CHO] | 133407-82-6 | sc-201270 sc-201270A sc-201270B | 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $60.00 $265.00 $1000.00 | 163 | |
MG-132 is a proteasome inhibitor. Inhibition of the proteasome can stabilize factors that positively regulate glypican-3, leading to increased glypican-3 expression. | ||||||