γ Enolase Activators
The chemical class identified as γ Enolase activators encompasses a diverse spectrum of compounds strategically designed to modulate the activity of γ enolase, a glycolytic enzyme with moonlighting functions implicated in various cellular processes. These activators can be categorized into two main groups: direct and indirect regulators, each offering unique insights into the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing γ enolase function. Direct activators, exemplified by Lithium Chloride, Mycophenolic Acid, and 2-Deoxyglucose, influence γ enolase indirectly by targeting upstream regulators. Lithium Chloride operates by inhibiting GSK-3β, leading to c-Myc stabilization and subsequent γ enolase gene transcription. Mycophenolic Acid, acting as an IMPDH inhibitor, disrupts nucleotide biosynthesis, affecting c-Myc levels and, in turn, γ enolase expression. The glycolysis inhibitor, 2-Deoxyglucose, alters glucose metabolism, influencing c-Myc and γ enolase regulation. These direct activators shed light on the intricate connections between γ enolase and key regulatory elements, providing a nuanced understanding of the molecular events influencing its activity.
Indirect activators, including WZB117, Rapamycin, and Temozolomide, modulate γ enolase activity through diverse signaling pathways. WZB117 inhibits GLUT1, thereby altering glucose uptake and influencing c-Myc-mediated γ enolase transcription. Rapamycin, functioning as an mTOR inhibitor, impacts the mTOR pathway, affecting c-Myc stability and subsequently regulating γ enolase expression. Temozolomide induces DNA damage, activates ATM kinase, and influences c-Myc-mediated γ enolase transcription. Additionally, compounds like Dichloroacetate, FK866, 3-Bromopyruvate, 2-Methoxyestradiol, Diflunisal, and Gossypol target specific cellular processes, including glycolysis, NAD+ biosynthesis, glycolytic intermediates, hypoxia signaling, PKM2, and lactate metabolism, indirectly modulating γ enolase. These indirect activators provide a comprehensive view of the diverse signaling pathways and cellular processes interconnected with γ enolase regulation. In conclusion, the chemical class of γ Enolase activators comprises a rich repertoire of compounds that offer researchers valuable tools for unraveling the multifaceted roles of γ enolase in cellular processes.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lithium | 7439-93-2 | sc-252954 | 50 g | $214.00 | ||
Lithium Chloride, a GSK-3β inhibitor, indirectly activates γ Enolase. By inhibiting GSK-3β, it prevents the phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of c-Myc. Stabilized c-Myc translocates to the nucleus, where it enhances the transcription of the γ Enolase gene. This indirect activation through the GSK-3β/c-Myc axis reveals a potential regulatory mechanism of γ Enolase expression in the context of lithium chloride treatment. | ||||||
Mycophenolic acid | 24280-93-1 | sc-200110 sc-200110A | 100 mg 500 mg | $69.00 $266.00 | 8 | |
Mycophenolic Acid, an IMPDH inhibitor, indirectly activates γ Enolase by affecting nucleotide biosynthesis. Inhibition of IMPDH disrupts de novo guanine nucleotide synthesis, leading to elevated levels of c-Myc. Stabilized c-Myc translocates to the nucleus, enhancing the transcription of the γ Enolase gene. This indirect activation unveils a connection between nucleotide metabolism and γ Enolase regulation, providing insights into potential modulators of γ Enolase expression. | ||||||
Wiskostatin | 253449-04-6 | sc-204399 sc-204399A sc-204399B sc-204399C | 1 mg 5 mg 25 mg 50 mg | $49.00 $124.00 $441.00 $828.00 | 4 | |
WZB117, an GLUT1 inhibitor, indirectly activates γ Enolase by altering glucose metabolism. GLUT1 inhibition reduces glucose uptake, leading to increased glycolytic flux. Elevated glycolysis enhances the activity of c-Myc, which translocates to the nucleus and promotes the transcription of the γ Enolase gene. | ||||||
Dichloroacetic acid | 79-43-6 | sc-214877 sc-214877A | 25 g 100 g | $61.00 $128.00 | 5 | |
Dichloroacetate, a PDK inhibitor, indirectly activates γ Enolase by influencing pyruvate metabolism. PDK inhibition promotes pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, leading to increased acetyl-CoA levels. Enhanced acetyl-CoA contributes to the stabilization and nuclear translocation of c-Myc, which enhances the transcription of the γ Enolase gene. | ||||||
Rapamycin | 53123-88-9 | sc-3504 sc-3504A sc-3504B | 1 mg 5 mg 25 mg | $63.00 $158.00 $326.00 | 233 | |
Rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, indirectly activates γ Enolase by modulating the mTOR signaling pathway. mTOR inhibition results in reduced phosphorylation of c-Myc, leading to its stabilization and nuclear translocation. Stabilized c-Myc enhances the transcription of the γ Enolase gene. | ||||||
FK-866 | 658084-64-1 | sc-205325 sc-205325A | 5 mg 10 mg | $143.00 $250.00 | 12 | |
FK866, a NAMPT inhibitor, indirectly activates γ Enolase by influencing NAD+ biosynthesis. NAMPT inhibition reduces NAD+ levels, activating the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1. Activated SIRT1 deacetylates c-Myc, leading to its stabilization and nuclear translocation. Stabilized c-Myc enhances the transcription of the γ Enolase gene. T | ||||||
2-Methoxyestradiol | 362-07-2 | sc-201371 sc-201371A | 10 mg 50 mg | $71.00 $288.00 | 6 | |
2-Methoxyestradiol, an HIF-1α inhibitor, indirectly activates γ Enolase by affecting hypoxia signaling. HIF-1α inhibition prevents its translocation to the nucleus, reducing the transcription of c-Myc. Decreased c-Myc levels lead to reduced transcription of the γ Enolase gene. | ||||||
Temozolomide | 85622-93-1 | sc-203292 sc-203292A | 25 mg 100 mg | $91.00 $255.00 | 32 | |
Temozolomide, a DNA alkylating agent, indirectly activates γ Enolase by influencing DNA damage response. DNA damage induces the activation of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase, which stabilizes c-Myc. Stabilized c-Myc translocates to the nucleus, enhancing the transcription of the γ Enolase gene. | ||||||
Diflunisal | 22494-42-4 | sc-205649 sc-205649A | 5 g 10 g | $40.00 $59.00 | ||
Diflunisal, a pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) inhibitor, indirectly activates γ Enolase by modulating glycolytic pathways. PKM2 inhibition leads to the accumulation of glycolytic intermediates, promoting c-Myc stabilization and nuclear translocation. Nuclear c-Myc enhances the transcription of the γ Enolase gene. | ||||||
Gossypol | 303-45-7 | sc-200501 sc-200501A | 25 mg 100 mg | $116.00 $230.00 | 12 | |
Gossypol, a lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) inhibitor, indirectly activates γ Enolase by affecting lactate metabolism. LDHA inhibition disrupts lactate production, leading to increased c-Myc stabilization and nuclear translocation. Nuclear c-Myc enhances the transcription of the γ Enolase gene. | ||||||