ABR Activators
ABR Activators are chemical compounds that enhance the functional activity of ABR, a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for the small G protein Rac. These activators primarily function by modulating the post-translational modifications of ABR or activating the signaling pathways in which ABR is involved. The chosen ABR Activators include Farnesyl pyrophosphate and Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, which enhance ABR's activity by facilitating its farnesylation or geranylgeranylation, respectively. This post-translational modification is crucial for the localization of ABR to the plasma membrane where it can interact with downstream signaling partners.
Other ABR activators, such as Sodium orthovanadate, Okadaic acid, and Calyculin A, function by inhibiting protein phosphatases, thereby enhancing the phosphorylation status of ABR, which is key for its activation. Similarly, Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and Forskolin can enhance the activity of ABR by activating protein kinases that can phosphorylate and activate ABR. MG-132 is another ABR activator that prevents the degradation of phosphorylated proteins, thereby enhancing the activity ofABR. In addition to these compounds, 8-Bromo-cAMP, a cell-permeable cAMP analog, activates PKA, which can then phosphorylate and activate ABR. Certain growth factors like EGF and insulin also play a significant role in the activation of ABR. EGF activates the EGF receptor, which sets into motion the MAPK pathway, a pathway where ABR is a known downstream effector. Similarly, insulin, by activating the insulin receptor, leads to the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, another pathway that involves ABR as a downstream effector. Lastly, PD98059, a specific inhibitor of MEK1, enhances the activation of ABR by suppressing the activation of ERK1/2, as ABR is known to be activated by ERK1/2.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Farnesyl pyrophosphate ammonium salt | 13058-04-3 | sc-200847 sc-200847A | 1 mg 5 mg | $478.00 $1977.00 | ||
Farnesyl pyrophosphate is a substrate of farnesyltransferase. Farnesylation of ABR by farnesyltransferase can enhance ABR's activity by facilitating its localization to the plasma membrane, where it can interact with downstream signaling partners. | ||||||
Geranylgeranylpyrophosphate triammonium salt | 6699-20-3 | sc-200849 | 200 µg | $122.00 | ||
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate is a substrate of geranylgeranyltransferase. Geranylgeranylation of ABR by geranylgeranyltransferase can enhance ABR's activity by facilitating its localization to the plasma membrane, thus enabling interaction with downstream signaling partners. | ||||||
Sodium Orthovanadate | 13721-39-6 | sc-3540 sc-3540B sc-3540A | 5 g 10 g 50 g | $49.00 $57.00 $187.00 | 142 | |
Sodium orthovanadate is a potent inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatases. By inhibiting tyrosine phosphatases, it can enhance the phosphorylation status of ABR, leading to its activation. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $291.00 $530.00 $1800.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic acid is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. By inhibiting these phosphatases, it can enhance the phosphorylation status of ABR, leading to its activation. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $41.00 $132.00 $214.00 $500.00 $948.00 | 119 | |
PMA is a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC). PKC can phosphorylate and activate ABR, thus PMA can indirectly enhance the activity of ABR. | ||||||
Calyculin A | 101932-71-2 | sc-24000 sc-24000A | 10 µg 100 µg | $163.00 $800.00 | 59 | |
Calyculin A is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. By inhibiting these phosphatases, it can enhance the phosphorylation status of ABR, leading to its activation. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $78.00 $153.00 $740.00 $1413.00 $2091.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin is an activator of adenylate cyclase, which can increase the levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP). Elevated cAMP levels can activate protein kinase A (PKA), which can phosphorylate and activate ABR. | ||||||
8-Bromo-cAMP | 76939-46-3 | sc-201564 sc-201564A | 10 mg 50 mg | $126.00 $328.00 | 30 | |
8-Bromo-cAMP is a cell-permeable cAMP analog that can activate PKA. PKA can phosphorylate and activate ABR. | ||||||
MG-132 [Z-Leu- Leu-Leu-CHO] | 133407-82-6 | sc-201270 sc-201270A sc-201270B | 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $60.00 $265.00 $1000.00 | 163 | |
MG-132 is a proteasome inhibitor that can prevent the degradation of phosphorylated proteins. By preventing the degradation of phosphorylated ABR, MG-132 can enhance the activity of ABR. | ||||||
Insulin | 11061-68-0 | sc-29062 sc-29062A sc-29062B | 100 mg 1 g 10 g | $156.00 $1248.00 $12508.00 | 82 | |
Insulin activates the insulin receptor, leading to activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. ABR is a known downstream effector of this pathway, so activation of this pathway can enhance the activity of ABR. | ||||||