USP37 Activators
USP37, a deubiquitinating enzyme that plays a critical role in various cellular processes, is regulated by a spectrum of chemical activators that influence its activity through different pathways. Forskolin, through the activation of adenylyl cyclase and subsequent increase in cAMP levels, indirectly activates USP37 by promoting PKA-mediated phosphorylation, a modification that enhances USP37 activity. Similarly, Trichostatin A and Sodium Butyrate enhance USP37's functional activity by inhibiting histone deacetylases, which increases histone acetylation and can lead to upregulated expression of the USP37 gene. Okadaic Acid, by blocking protein phosphatases that typically dephosphorylate proteins, ensures USP37 remains in an active phosphorylated state. Proteasome inhibitors like MG132 and Epoxomicin serve to increase the pool of ubiquitinated proteins, which are substrates for USP37, thereby heightening its enzymatic action. PMA activates PKC, which may phosphorylate regulatory proteins that modulate USP37 activity, and LY294002, by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway, could trigger compensatory mechanisms that enhance USP37 activity.
Further contributing to the activation of USP37 are compounds that indirectly influence substrate availability or cellular signaling pathways. Rapamycin, as an mTOR inhibitor, may indirectly enhance USP37 activity by upregulating protein recycling mechanisms in response to inhibited cellular growth signaling. SB216763 inhibits GSK-3, leading to the increased presence of β-catenin, a known substrate of USP37, thereby potentially enhancing USP37's enzymatic function. Chloroquine disrupts lysosomal degradation, which may lead to elevated ubiquitinated protein levels, again augmenting USP37 activity due to increased substrate availability.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin is a diterpene that activates adenylyl cyclase, increasing the levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) within cells. Elevated cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which can then phosphorylate specific substrates leading to the activation of USP37, as USP37 is known to be regulated by phosphorylation. | ||||||
Trichostatin A | 58880-19-6 | sc-3511 sc-3511A sc-3511B sc-3511C sc-3511D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 50 mg | $149.00 $470.00 $620.00 $1199.00 $2090.00 | 33 | |
Trichostatin A is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that alters chromatin structure and affects gene expression. By inhibiting HDAC, Trichostatin A can enhance the acetylation of histones associated with the USP37 gene, facilitating the transcription machinery's access to the gene, thereby enhancing USP37 expression and functional activity. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $285.00 $520.00 $1300.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic Acid is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, which leads to increased phosphorylation levels of cellular proteins. This inhibition can indirectly enhance the activity of USP37 by preventing its dephosphorylation, thus keeping it in an active phosphorylated state. | ||||||
MG-132 [Z-Leu- Leu-Leu-CHO] | 133407-82-6 | sc-201270 sc-201270A sc-201270B | 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $56.00 $260.00 $980.00 | 163 | |
MG132 is a proteasome inhibitor that prevents the degradation of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins. By inhibiting the proteasome, MG132 can indirectly increase the functional activity of USP37 by increasing the levels of ubiquitinated proteins, which are substrates for USP37, thus enhancing its enzymatic activity. | ||||||
Epoxomicin | 134381-21-8 | sc-201298C sc-201298 sc-201298A sc-201298B | 50 µg 100 µg 250 µg 500 µg | $134.00 $215.00 $440.00 $496.00 | 19 | |
Epoxomicin is another proteasome inhibitor, similar in function to MG132. It inhibits the degradation of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins, potentially increasing the pool of substrates available for USP37, thereby increasing its activity in the cell. | ||||||
Sodium Butyrate | 156-54-7 | sc-202341 sc-202341B sc-202341A sc-202341C | 250 mg 5 g 25 g 500 g | $30.00 $46.00 $82.00 $218.00 | 19 | |
Sodium Butyrate is an HDAC inhibitor that increases the acetylation of histones, improving the transcription of certain genes, including potentially the gene for USP37. By enhancing histone acetylation, it can lead to the upregulation of USP37 expression and its functional activity. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA is an activator of protein kinase C (PKC) that can modulate various cellular pathways. PKC activation can lead to the phosphorylation of proteins that are involved in the regulation of USP37, thereby enhancing its activity. | ||||||
LY 294002 | 154447-36-6 | sc-201426 sc-201426A | 5 mg 25 mg | $121.00 $392.00 | 148 | |
LY294002 is a PI3K inhibitor that alters the PI3K/AKT pathway. While it primarily inhibits this pathway, the consequent changes in cellular signaling may lead to compensatory mechanisms that enhance the functional activity of USP37. | ||||||
Rapamycin | 53123-88-9 | sc-3504 sc-3504A sc-3504B | 1 mg 5 mg 25 mg | $62.00 $155.00 $320.00 | 233 | |
Rapamycin is an mTOR inhibitor that can lead to alterations in cellular growth and survival pathways. By inhibiting mTOR, Rapamycin could increase the necessity for protein recycling, potentially enhancing the functional activity of USP37 as part of the cellular response to maintain protein homeostasis. | ||||||
SB-216763 | 280744-09-4 | sc-200646 sc-200646A | 1 mg 5 mg | $70.00 $198.00 | 18 | |
SB216763 is a GSK-3 inhibitor that can lead to the stabilization and increased activity of β-catenin, a substrate of USP37. Inhibition of GSK-3 thereby could indirectly enhance the functional activity of USP37 by increasing the pool of its substrates. | ||||||