Tom40B Inhibitors
Tom40B inhibitors encompass a variety of chemical compounds that impair the functional capacity of Tom40B, a translocase essential for protein translocation into mitochondria. Cyclosporin A, through its binding to cyclophilins, indirectly reduces Tom40B activity by inhibiting the phosphatase activity of calcineurin, a process crucial to the proper translocation of proteins. Antimycin A and Oligomycin, each targeting different complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, lead to a decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, which is inherently linked to Tom40B's operational efficiency in protein import. Valinomycin, by disrupting the mitochondrial membrane potential through its action as a potassium ionophore, and FCCP, a protonophore that uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, both contribute to a milieu that is less conducive to Tom40B's role in mitochondrial protein import by disrupting the electrochemical gradient.
Further affecting Tom40B's activity are compounds that modify the mitochondrial environment or related processes. Atractyloside and Bongkrekic acid, both inhibitors of the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator, impact the energy exchange within the mitochondria, indirectly leadingto a diminished activity of Tom40B by altering the availability of nucleotides necessary for its function. Alisporivir, a cyclosporin A derivative, and CGP 37157, which inhibits the mitochondrial sodium-calcium exchanger, both manipulate the regulatory calcium signaling that could secondarily decrease Tom40B's efficiency in transporting proteins. Ruthenium Red, by blocking mitochondrial calcium uptake, and Mdivi-1, which impedes mitochondrial division, further exemplify the indirect strategies that can undermine the proper functioning of Tom40B by altering mitochondrial dynamics and homeostasis. Lastly, the action of Tunicamycin, which induces ER stress by inhibiting N-linked glycosylation, underscores the interconnectedness of cellular compartments and reveals how disturbances in one area, such as the ER, can cascade down to impede Tom40B's critical role in mitochondrial protein import.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cyclosporin A | 59865-13-3 | sc-3503 sc-3503-CW sc-3503A sc-3503B sc-3503C sc-3503D | 100 mg 100 mg 500 mg 10 g 25 g 100 g | $62.00 $90.00 $299.00 $475.00 $1015.00 $2099.00 | 69 | |
Cyclosporin A binds to the cyclophilins which inhibits the phosphatase activity of calcineurin. This inhibition can decrease the translocation of proteins into mitochondria by indirectly diminishing the activity of Tom40B. | ||||||
Oligomycin A | 579-13-5 | sc-201551 sc-201551A sc-201551B sc-201551C sc-201551D | 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg 500 mg 1 g | $175.00 $600.00 $1179.00 $5100.00 $9180.00 | 26 | |
Oligomycin inhibits mitochondrial ATP synthase, leading to the dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential. This disruption can impede the proper functioning of the Tom40B translocation pore due to an altered membrane potential. | ||||||
Antimycin A | 1397-94-0 | sc-202467 sc-202467A sc-202467B sc-202467C | 5 mg 10 mg 1 g 3 g | $54.00 $62.00 $1642.00 $4600.00 | 51 | |
Antimycin A inhibits the mitochondrial electron transport chain at complex III, causing a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. A lower membrane potential can indirectly decrease Tom40B's activity in protein import. | ||||||
FCCP | 370-86-5 | sc-203578 sc-203578A | 10 mg 50 mg | $92.00 $348.00 | 46 | |
FCCP uncouples oxidative phosphorylation by transporting protons across the mitochondrial membrane, collapsing the membrane potential and potentially reducing the efficiency of the Tom40B protein translocation process. | ||||||
Bongkrekic acid | 11076-19-0 | sc-205606 | 100 µg | $418.00 | 10 | |
Bongkrekic acid inhibits the adenine nucleotide translocator in a different binding site than atractyloside, preventing ADP/ATP exchange and potentially diminishing the activity of Tom40B due to impaired mitochondrial function. | ||||||
Valinomycin | 2001-95-8 | sc-200991 | 25 mg | $163.00 | 3 | |
Valinomycin acts as a potassium ionophore, disrupting the mitochondrial membrane potential. This disruption can indirectly lower the activity of Tom40B, as an optimal membrane potential is required for its protein import function. | ||||||
Ruthenium red | 11103-72-3 | sc-202328 sc-202328A | 500 mg 1 g | $184.00 $245.00 | 13 | |
Ruthenium Red inhibits calcium uptake into mitochondria via the uniporter, potentially affecting calcium-dependent regulatory processes that could indirectly diminish the activity of Tom40B in protein translocation. | ||||||
CGP 37157 | 75450-34-9 | sc-202097 sc-202097A | 5 mg 25 mg | $113.00 $454.00 | 3 | |
CGP 37157 inhibits the mitochondrial sodium-calcium exchanger, potentially altering intramitochondrial calcium levels and indirectly affecting processes that regulate Tom40B's activity in protein import. | ||||||
Tunicamycin | 11089-65-9 | sc-3506A sc-3506 | 5 mg 10 mg | $169.00 $299.00 | 66 | |
Tunicamycin inhibits N-linked glycosylation in the ER, which can lead to misfolded proteins and ER stress. This may indirectly affect mitochondrial function and diminish Tom40B's role in importing proteins into mitochondria. | ||||||
Mdivi-1 | 338967-87-6 | sc-215291 sc-215291B sc-215291A sc-215291C | 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 50 mg | $66.00 $124.00 $246.00 $456.00 | 13 | |
Mdivi-1 inhibits mitochondrial division, which can influence mitochondrial morphology and function, potentially leading to a reduced efficiency of the Tom40B protein translocation machinery. | ||||||