RNA pol β Activators

The chemical class termed RNA pol β Activators encompasses a range of compounds that, through various mechanisms, can indirectly influence the activity of RNA polymerase II beta in eukaryotic cells. These compounds do not directly interact with RNA pol β. Instead, they modulate the cellular and molecular environment in which RNA pol β operates, thereby potentially affecting its function.

The primary action of these chemicals is centered around modulation of transcriptional regulation, chromatin structure, and cell signaling pathways. For example, Trichostatin A and Sodium Butyrate, as histone deacetylase inhibitors, alter the chromatin structure, potentially enhancing the accessibility of RNA pol β to DNA templates, thereby facilitating transcription. Compounds like Forskolin and Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) act on cellular signaling pathways that ultimately influence transcription factor activity. This modulation of transcription factors can have downstream effects on the recruitment and activity of RNA pol β at gene promoters. Additionally, chemicals such as 5-Azacytidine and Retinoic Acid influence transcription by affecting DNA methylation patterns and gene expression through specific receptors, respectively. These alterations in gene expression patterns and chromatin accessibility can indirectly enhance the activity of RNA pol β in the transcription process.