RhC Activators
The Rh blood group system, one of the most complex and significant blood group systems, includes the RhC antigen, a protein expressed on the surface of red blood cells. The expression of RhC is dictated by the RHCE gene, which is closely related to the RHD gene responsible for the well-known RhD antigen. The RhC antigen plays a pivotal role in blood transfusion compatibility and is a critical factor in hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). Understanding the regulation of RHCE gene expression is therefore of considerable interest in the field of hematology and transfusion medicine, as it informs our understanding of Rh antigen presentation and the potential for variation in antigen expression.
On a molecular level, the expression of the RhC antigen can be potentially influenced by various chemical activators that either directly or indirectly upregulate the RHCE gene. Chemicals such as 5-Azacytidine and Trichostatin A target the epigenetic landscape of the genome, which may lead to an increase in RhC expression. These compounds, known for their DNA demethylating and histone deacetylase inhibitory properties respectively, can alter the chromatin structure, thereby enhancing the accessibility of the RHCE promoter to transcriptional machinery. Other chemicals, such as retinoic acid and beta-estradiol, bind to their respective receptors and may stimulate the expression of RhC by interacting with response elements within gene promoters, including those governing the expression of blood group antigens. Similarly, compounds like Forskolin and lithium chloride, which modulate intracellular signaling pathways, could potentially lead to the upregulation of RhC expression. Forskolin raises cAMP levels, activating PKA and influencing gene transcription, while lithium chloride's inhibition of GSK-3 may activate pathways that culminate in gene activation. Although the precise mechanisms by which these chemical activators might increase the expression of RhC require further empirical study, their known effects on gene expression provide a foundation for exploring the regulation of the RHCE gene.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5-Azacytidine | 320-67-2 | sc-221003 | 500 mg | $280.00 | 4 | |
This compound could upregulate RhC expression by demethylating DNA within the promoter region of the RHCE gene, thus allowing transcriptional machinery better access to the DNA. | ||||||
Trichostatin A | 58880-19-6 | sc-3511 sc-3511A sc-3511B sc-3511C sc-3511D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 50 mg | $149.00 $470.00 $620.00 $1199.00 $2090.00 | 33 | |
By inhibiting histone deacetylases, Trichostatin A may stimulate transcription of the RHCE gene, potentially increasing RhC antigen levels on erythrocytes. | ||||||
Valproic Acid | 99-66-1 | sc-213144 | 10 g | $85.00 | 9 | |
Valproic acid, by inhibiting histone deacetylase, could lead to an enriched acetylation landscape, thereby upregulating transcriptional activity including that of the RHCE gene. | ||||||
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $65.00 $319.00 $575.00 $998.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic acid may induce the expression of RhC by activating retinoic acid receptors, which can bind to retinoic acid response elements in gene promoters, including potentially that of RHCE. | ||||||
Cholecalciferol | 67-97-0 | sc-205630 sc-205630A sc-205630B | 1 g 5 g 10 g | $70.00 $160.00 $290.00 | 2 | |
As an active hormonal form of Vitamin D, it could stimulate the expression of RhC by binding to vitamin D receptors which interact with response elements in the promoters of certain genes. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin may increase RhC expression by activating adenylate cyclase, subsequently raising intracellular cAMP levels and activating protein kinase A (PKA), which can lead to changes in gene transcription. | ||||||
(−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate | 989-51-5 | sc-200802 sc-200802A sc-200802B sc-200802C sc-200802D sc-200802E | 10 mg 50 mg 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 10 g | $42.00 $72.00 $124.00 $238.00 $520.00 $1234.00 | 11 | |
Epigallocatechin Gallate could potentially stimulate the expression of the RHCE gene due to its epigenetic modulation capabilities, which might result in changes to DNA methylation and histone acetylation patterns. | ||||||
Sodium Butyrate | 156-54-7 | sc-202341 sc-202341B sc-202341A sc-202341C | 250 mg 5 g 25 g 500 g | $30.00 $46.00 $82.00 $218.00 | 19 | |
Sodium butyrate may upregulate RhC expression by inhibiting histone deacetylase, which can lead to hyperacetylation of histones, relaxing chromatin structure and facilitating gene transcription. | ||||||
β-Estradiol | 50-28-2 | sc-204431 sc-204431A | 500 mg 5 g | $62.00 $178.00 | 8 | |
As a form of estrogen, β-Estradiol could stimulate the expression of RhC by binding to estrogen receptors and interacting with estrogen response elements on the DNA, leading to increased transcription. | ||||||
Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) | 67-68-5 | sc-202581 sc-202581A sc-202581B | 100 ml 500 ml 4 L | $30.00 $115.00 $900.00 | 136 | |
Used in cell cultures, DMSO could increase the expression of RhC by promoting differentiation of cells or altering the methylation status of DNA, thereby affecting gene expression patterns. | ||||||