HB9 Activators
The HB9 activators encompass a diverse array of chemicals that intricately modulate cellular processes to activate the HB9 transcription factor, a pivotal regulator of motor neuron development. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, stimulates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, culminating in enhanced Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity and subsequent deacetylation of HB9, promoting motor neuron differentiation. Forskolin elevates intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, indirectly activating HB9 through the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA)-CREB pathway, establishing a connection between forskolin exposure and motor neuron fate determination. A769662, an AMPK activator, influences cellular energy homeostasis, indirectly supporting HB9 activation by providing an energy-rich environment conducive to motor neuron development. Lithium chloride, a glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitor, indirectly activates HB9 by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, emphasizing the interplay between GSK-3 inhibition and motor neuron specification. 5-Azacytidine, a DNA demethylating agent, epigenetically modulates HB9 by promoting DNA demethylation, enhancing the transcriptional activation of genes involved in motor neuron development.
Sodium valproate, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, modulates chromatin accessibility, indirectly activating HB9 through histone acetylation, highlighting the importance of epigenetic modifications in motor neuron fate determination. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db-cAMP) directly activates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) pathway, enhancing the phosphorylation and activation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and subsequent transcriptional activation of HB9. Retinoic acid, a derivative of vitamin A, acts as a ligand for retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), directly activating HB9 through ligand-receptor interactions, showcasing the role of retinoids in motor neuron differentiation. SB203580, a selective inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), indirectly activates HB9 by modulating the MAPK signaling pathway, providing insights into the intricate signaling network governing motor neuron fate determination.
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Resveratrol | 501-36-0 | sc-200808 sc-200808A sc-200808B | 100 mg 500 mg 5 g | $60.00 $185.00 $365.00 | 64 | |
Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol found in various plants, has been implicated in the activation of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a deacetylase involved in multiple cellular processes. Resveratrol stimulates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, leading to increased NAD+ levels, which in turn activate SIRT1. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin, found in the Indian Coleus plant, activates adenylate cyclase, thereby elevating intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. This increase in cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which subsequently phosphorylates and activates the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). CREB, in turn, binds to the promoter region of HB9, enhancing its transcription. | ||||||
A-769662 | 844499-71-4 | sc-203790 sc-203790A sc-203790B sc-203790C sc-203790D | 10 mg 50 mg 100 mg 500 mg 1 g | $180.00 $726.00 $1055.00 $3350.00 $5200.00 | 23 | |
A769662, an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, directly stimulates AMPK, leading to the phosphorylation and activation of various downstream targets. AMPK activation by A769662 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and enhances cellular energy homeostasis. This metabolic modulation can indirectly influence HB9 by providing an energy-rich cellular environment, supporting the energetically demanding processes associated with motor neuron development. | ||||||
Lithium | 7439-93-2 | sc-252954 | 50 g | $214.00 | ||
Lithium chloride, a well-known glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitor, can indirectly activate HB9 by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. GSK-3 is a negative regulator of the Wnt pathway, and its inhibition by lithium chloride stabilizes β-catenin, allowing its translocation into the nucleus. | ||||||
5-Azacytidine | 320-67-2 | sc-221003 | 500 mg | $280.00 | 4 | |
5-Azacytidine, a DNA demethylating agent, can influence the epigenetic landscape and indirectly activate HB9. By inhibiting DNA methyltransferases, 5-Azacytidine promotes DNA demethylation, leading to the derepression of key genes involved in motor neuron development, including HB9. This epigenetic modulation enhances the accessibility of the HB9 promoter region, facilitating increased transcription and subsequent motor neuron differentiation. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA, a potent protein kinase C (PKC) activator, directly stimulates the PKC signaling pathway. Activation of PKC by PMA can influence the phosphorylation status of transcription factors involved in motor neuron development, including HB9. | ||||||
Valproic Acid | 99-66-1 | sc-213144 | 10 g | $85.00 | 9 | |
Sodium valproate, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, modulates the acetylation status of histones, influencing chromatin accessibility. By inhibiting HDACs, sodium valproate promotes histone acetylation, leading to the derepression of genes associated with motor neuron development, including HB9. | ||||||
Dibutyryl-cAMP | 16980-89-5 | sc-201567 sc-201567A sc-201567B sc-201567C | 20 mg 100 mg 500 mg 10 g | $45.00 $130.00 $480.00 $4450.00 | 74 | |
Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db-cAMP), a cell-permeable cAMP analog, directly activates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) pathway. Activation of PKA by db-cAMP leads to the phosphorylation and activation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), which in turn binds to the promoter region of HB9, enhancing its transcription. | ||||||
SB 203580 | 152121-47-6 | sc-3533 sc-3533A | 1 mg 5 mg | $88.00 $342.00 | 284 | |
SB203580, a selective inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), can indirectly activate HB9 by modulating the MAPK signaling pathway. Inhibition of p38 MAPK by SB203580 influences downstream signaling cascades, ultimately impacting the expression and activity of transcription factors involved in motor neuron development, including HB9. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $54.00 $128.00 $199.00 $311.00 | 23 | |
A23187, also known as calcimycin, is a calcium ionophore that facilitates the influx of calcium ions into the cytoplasm. Elevated intracellular calcium levels activate calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK), which can modulate the activity of transcription factors involved in motor neuron development, including HB9. | ||||||