H2-Adβ Activators
H2-Adβ Activators are an array of chemical compounds that selectively enhance the functional activity of H2-Adβ through modulation of various signaling pathways and cellular processes integral to its role in antigen presentation. Forskolin and Rolipram, through their actions on increasing cAMP levels, indirectly augment H2-Adβ's activity by promoting PKA signaling, which is known to phosphorylate key proteins involved in the antigen presentation process. The elevated cAMP levels resulting from Piperine's inhibition of cAMP-degrading enzymes similarly support this enhancement. Curcumin and Resveratrol contribute to the enhancement of H2-Adβ by modulating the NF-κB and SIRT1 pathways, respectively. These pathways intersect with the regulation of MHC class II gene expression and antigen presentation, suggesting a potential upregulation of H2-Adβ function. Additionally, Monensin and Brefeldin A disrupt intracellular trafficking and glycoprotein processing, which can indirectly lead to optimized MHC class II molecule function and therefore enhance H2-Adβ's role in antigen presentation.
Furthermore, Chloroquine and Ammonium chloride, by altering the pH within endosomes and lysosomes, can modify the antigen processing that is crucial for the function of H2-Adβ. Sodium stibogluconate and Lithium chloride indirectly facilitate H2-Adβ activity through inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases and GSK-3 respectively, influencing the phosphorylation pathways that play a role in the antigen presentation. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides stimulate TLR9, which can upregulate the expression of MHC class II molecules and thus potentiate the functional role of H2-Adβ in stimulating immune responses. Collectively, these H2-Adβ Activators, by targeting various processes and pathways, enhance the functionality of H2-Adβ without necessitating an increase in its expression or direct activation.
SEE ALSO...
Items 1 to 10 of 11 total
Display:
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin activates adenylyl cyclase, leading to increased levels of cAMP. Elevated cAMP can enhance the activity of H2-Adβ by supporting antigen presentation processes through cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signaling and subsequent phosphorylation events within the antigen presentation pathway. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $75.00 $212.00 | 18 | |
Rolipram inhibits phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), leading to increased cAMP levels. This elevation can indirectly enhance H2-Adβ activity by promoting PKA signaling, potentially influencing the MHC class II antigen presentation pathway, which H2-Adβ is a part of. | ||||||
Curcumin | 458-37-7 | sc-200509 sc-200509A sc-200509B sc-200509C sc-200509D sc-200509F sc-200509E | 1 g 5 g 25 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 2.5 kg | $36.00 $68.00 $107.00 $214.00 $234.00 $862.00 $1968.00 | 47 | |
Curcumin modulates the NF-κB pathway, which is intricately linked to the immune response. By inhibiting NF-κB, curcumin can enhance H2-Adβ function by reducing the expression of proteins that downregulate MHC class II molecules, thereby potentially increasing the functional presentation of antigens. | ||||||
Resveratrol | 501-36-0 | sc-200808 sc-200808A sc-200808B | 100 mg 500 mg 5 g | $60.00 $185.00 $365.00 | 64 | |
Resveratrol activates sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), which can enhance H2-Adβ activity through deacetylation of transcription factors that regulate MHC class II gene expression, positively influencing antigen presentation. | ||||||
Piperine | 94-62-2 | sc-205809 sc-205809A | 5 g 25 g | $36.00 $143.00 | 3 | |
Piperine inhibits enzymes that degrade cAMP, similar to the action of PDE inhibitors. This leads to an increase in cAMP levels and could enhance the activity of H2-Adβ by promoting PKA signaling, which in turn could enhance the MHC class II pathway. | ||||||
Monensin A | 17090-79-8 | sc-362032 sc-362032A | 5 mg 25 mg | $152.00 $515.00 | ||
Monensin is an ionophore that alters intracellular pH and ion concentrations, affecting the processing and presentation of antigens. Enhanced antigen processing can lead to increased functional activity of H2-Adβ by optimizing the peptide loading of MHC class II molecules. | ||||||
Brefeldin A | 20350-15-6 | sc-200861C sc-200861 sc-200861A sc-200861B | 1 mg 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $30.00 $52.00 $122.00 $367.00 | 25 | |
Brefeldin A disrupts the Golgi apparatus, leading to altered glycoprotein processing. This disruption can enhance H2-Adβ activity by affecting the maturation and transport of MHC class II molecules, which are essential for antigen presentation function. | ||||||
Chloroquine | 54-05-7 | sc-507304 | 250 mg | $68.00 | 2 | |
Chloroquine raises the pH of endosomes and lysosomes, which can affect antigen processing. This alteration can enhance H2-Adβ activity by modifying the repertoire of peptides loaded onto MHC class II molecules, of which H2-Adβ is a component. | ||||||
Sodium stibogluconate | 16037-91-5 | sc-202815 | 1 g | $184.00 | 6 | |
Sodium stibogluconate inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatases, which can lead to enhanced phosphorylation signaling pathways. This can indirectly enhance the activity of H2-Adβ by affecting the intracellular signaling related to antigen presentation. | ||||||
Ammonium Chloride | 12125-02-9 | sc-202936 sc-202936A sc-202936B | 25 g 500 g 2.5 kg | $38.00 $54.00 $147.00 | 4 | |
Ammonium chloride alkalinizes intracellular compartments like lysosomes, affecting antigen processing. Improved processing can enhance H2-Adβ's role in antigen presentation by affecting the nature of peptides loaded onto MHC class II molecules. | ||||||