CLDND2 Activators
CLDND2 engage in a biochemical cascade that initiates with the binding of these molecules to their respective receptors or target sites, leading to an increase in intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a critical secondary messenger in cellular signaling. Forskolin, by directly stimulating adenylate cyclase, elevates cAMP levels, thereby activating protein kinase A (PKA). PKA, once active, phosphorylates target proteins, which include CLDND2. Similarly, Isoproterenol, a β-adrenergic agonist, and Salbutamol, a β2-adrenergic agonist, also promote adenylate cyclase activity resulting in cAMP accumulation and PKA activation. Terbutaline operates through an analogous pathway, activating adenylate cyclase via β2-adrenergic receptor stimulation. IBMX and Rolipram, by inhibiting phosphodiesterases, prevent cAMP degradation, leading to its accumulation and successive PKA activation. Anagrelide's inhibition of phosphodiesterase III also causes an increase in cAMP, facilitating PKA activation.
Epinephrine, a hormone and neurotransmitter, binds to adrenergic receptors and causes a similar increase in cAMP levels through adenylate cyclase activation. Dopamine operates through its D1-like receptors to produce the same effect. Histamine, upon interaction with the H2 receptor, and Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), through its G-protein-coupled receptors, both result in increased cAMP production. Glucagon, a hormone, achieves this same end by binding to its specific receptor, leading to adenylate cyclase activation. The elevation in cAMP from these various activators leads to the activation of PKA, which is known to phosphorylate various proteins, including CLDND2, leading to its activation. These diverse chemicals, though distinct in their initial interaction with cellular components, converge on a common pathway that culminates in the phosphorylation and subsequent activation of CLDND2.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly activates adenylate cyclase, increasing intracellular cAMP levels, which can lead to the activation of protein kinase A (PKA). PKA can phosphorylate various proteins, potentially including CLDND2, resulting in functional activation. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $27.00 $37.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol, a β-adrenergic agonist, promotes the activation of adenylate cyclase and the production of cAMP. This elevation of cAMP leads to the activation of PKA, which may then phosphorylate and activate CLDND2. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $159.00 $315.00 $598.00 | 34 | |
IBMX (3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) is a non-selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, preventing the breakdown of cAMP and cGMP, leading to their accumulation. Increased cAMP levels activate PKA, which could then phosphorylate and activate CLDND2. | ||||||
(−)-Epinephrine | 51-43-4 | sc-205674 sc-205674A sc-205674B sc-205674C sc-205674D | 1 g 5 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg | $40.00 $102.00 $197.00 $1739.00 $16325.00 | ||
Epinephrine interacts with adrenergic receptors, leading to the activation of adenylate cyclase and an increase in cAMP levels. This cascade activates PKA, which could then target and activate CLDND2 through phosphorylation. | ||||||
Dopamine | 51-61-6 | sc-507336 | 1 g | $290.00 | ||
Dopamine, acting on its receptors, particularly the D1-like family, can activate adenylate cyclase, leading to increased cAMP and subsequent activation of PKA. PKA could phosphorylate and activate CLDND2. | ||||||
Histamine, free base | 51-45-6 | sc-204000 sc-204000A sc-204000B | 1 g 5 g 25 g | $92.00 $277.00 $969.00 | 7 | |
Histamine, through H2 receptors, can activate adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP levels. This elevation can activate PKA, which may lead to the phosphorylation and consequent activation of CLDND2. | ||||||
PGE1 (Prostaglandin E1) | 745-65-3 | sc-201223 sc-201223A | 1 mg 10 mg | $30.00 $142.00 | 16 | |
PGE1 activates its cognate G-protein-coupled receptors, which can lead to an increase in cAMP production and PKA activation. PKA can then phosphorylate and activate CLDND2. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $75.00 $212.00 | 18 | |
Rolipram is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), which degrades cAMP. Inhibition of PDE4 prevents cAMP breakdown, leading to PKA activation, which could phosphorylate and activate CLDND2. | ||||||
Salbutamol | 18559-94-9 | sc-253527 sc-253527A | 25 mg 50 mg | $92.00 $138.00 | ||
Salbutamol is a β2-adrenergic agonist that activates adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP levels. Elevated cAMP activates PKA, which may phosphorylate and activate CLDND2. | ||||||
Terbutaline Hemisulfate | 23031-32-5 | sc-204911 sc-204911A | 1 g 5 g | $90.00 $371.00 | 2 | |
Terbutaline, a β2-adrenergic receptor agonist, leads to increased cAMP production via adenylate cyclase activation. The rise in cAMP activates PKA, which could phosphorylate and thereby activate CLDND2. | ||||||