AZ2 Activators
AZ2 Activators are a group of compounds that enhance the functional activity of AZ2 through specific cellular and biochemical pathways. Forskolin, Epinephrine, and Isoproterenol act by stimulating adenylate cyclase, either directly or via adrenergic receptors, which increases intracellular cAMP levels and leads to activation of PKA. PKA, in turn, phosphorylates AZ2, directly enhancing its activity within the cell. Dibutyryl-cAMP bypasses cellular receptors and directly activates PKA, leading to phosphorylation and enhancement of AZ2. Curcumin and PMA activate PKC, which can phosphorylate AZ2 or influence its activity through downstream signaling components.
Apart from these direct activators, compounds like Rolipram and IBMX inhibit PDE, preventing the degradation of cAMP and thus indirectly enhancing the activity of AZ2 via PKA activation. Compounds such as H-89 and KN-93, which are inhibitors of PKA and CaMKII respectively, may paradoxically lead to upregulation of cAMP/PKA signaling through negative feedback mechanisms, thereby enhancing AZ2 activity. Additionally, Anisomycin and Okadaic acid focus on stress response pathways and phosphatase inhibition, respectively, leading to enhanced phosphorylation states within the cell that could indirectly result in the activation of AZ2.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly stimulates adenylate cyclase, leading to increased cAMP levels. Elevated cAMP activates PKA, which is known to phosphorylate AZ2, enhancing its functional activity within the cell. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $75.00 $212.00 | 18 | |
Rolipram inhibits phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), preventing the breakdown of cAMP. This increases cAMP concentrations, indirectly leading to PKA activation, which then can enhance AZ2 activity through phosphorylation. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $159.00 $315.00 $598.00 | 34 | |
IBMX, a non-selective PDE inhibitor, increases intracellular cAMP levels by preventing its degradation. The elevated cAMP activates PKA, which can phosphorylate and thereby enhance AZ2 function. | ||||||
(−)-Epinephrine | 51-43-4 | sc-205674 sc-205674A sc-205674B sc-205674C sc-205674D | 1 g 5 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg | $40.00 $102.00 $197.00 $1739.00 $16325.00 | ||
Epinephrine binds to beta-adrenergic receptors, stimulating adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP, and activating PKA. PKA then potentially enhances AZ2 activity through phosphorylation. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $27.00 $37.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, activates adenylate cyclase via the beta-adrenergic receptor, increasing cAMP and leading to PKA-mediated phosphorylation of AZ2. | ||||||
Dibutyryl-cAMP | 16980-89-5 | sc-201567 sc-201567A sc-201567B sc-201567C | 20 mg 100 mg 500 mg 10 g | $45.00 $130.00 $480.00 $4450.00 | 74 | |
Dibutyryl-cAMP, a cAMP analogue, directly activates PKA without engaging cellular receptors, leading to the phosphorylation and enhancement of AZ2. | ||||||
Curcumin | 458-37-7 | sc-200509 sc-200509A sc-200509B sc-200509C sc-200509D sc-200509F sc-200509E | 1 g 5 g 25 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 2.5 kg | $36.00 $68.00 $107.00 $214.00 $234.00 $862.00 $1968.00 | 47 | |
Curcumin activates protein kinase C (PKC), which could lead to the phosphorylation and activation of AZ2 through downstream signaling pathways. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates PKC, which in turn can enhance AZ2 activity by phosphorylating it or by affecting downstream molecules that lead to its activation. | ||||||
KN-93 | 139298-40-1 | sc-202199 | 1 mg | $178.00 | 25 | |
KN-93, a CaMKII inhibitor, may through feedback mechanisms upregulate cAMP/PKA signaling, indirectly enhancing the functional activity of AZ2. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $254.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin acts as an activator of the stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs), which could enhance AZ2 activity through stress response signaling pathways. | ||||||