AZ2 Activators

AZ2 Activators are a group of compounds that enhance the functional activity of AZ2 through specific cellular and biochemical pathways. Forskolin, Epinephrine, and Isoproterenol act by stimulating adenylate cyclase, either directly or via adrenergic receptors, which increases intracellular cAMP levels and leads to activation of PKA. PKA, in turn, phosphorylates AZ2, directly enhancing its activity within the cell. Dibutyryl-cAMP bypasses cellular receptors and directly activates PKA, leading to phosphorylation and enhancement of AZ2. Curcumin and PMA activate PKC, which can phosphorylate AZ2 or influence its activity through downstream signaling components.

Apart from these direct activators, compounds like Rolipram and IBMX inhibit PDE, preventing the degradation of cAMP and thus indirectly enhancing the activity of AZ2 via PKA activation. Compounds such as H-89 and KN-93, which are inhibitors of PKA and CaMKII respectively, may paradoxically lead to upregulation of cAMP/PKA signaling through negative feedback mechanisms, thereby enhancing AZ2 activity. Additionally, Anisomycin and Okadaic acid focus on stress response pathways and phosphatase inhibition, respectively, leading to enhanced phosphorylation states within the cell that could indirectly result in the activation of AZ2.