X11β Activators
X11β Activators are a set of diverse chemical compounds that indirectly enhance the functional activity of X11β through specific biochemical signaling pathways. Compounds like Forskolin and Isoproterenol exert their effects by activating adenylyl cyclase, thus raising intracellular cAMP levels. This elevation in turn activates PKA, which phosphorylates proteins in synaptic signaling pathways that include X11β, enhancing its role in synaptic assembly and neurotransmitter release. Similarly, Rolipram increases cAMP by inhibiting PDE4, indirectly boosting X11β's function in synaptic plasticity. Anandamide, by activating cannabinoid receptors, modulates neuronal signaling in a way that could amplify X11β's involvement in neurotransmitter release and synaptic modulation. Meanwhile, compounds like A23187 and Ionomycin increase intracellular calcium levels, activating calcium-dependent kinases that may phosphorylate X11β or its associates, thus promoting its synaptic functions.
Further enhancing X11β's activity are compounds that influence kinase signaling and synaptic transmission. EGCG, for instance, inhibits competitive kinase pathways, potentially allowing for more pronounced activation of pathways where X11β is a key player, particularly in synaptic vesicle cycling. BAY K8644, an L-type calcium channel agonist, increases calcium influx, which could potentiate X11β's role in synaptic transmission. Sphingosine-1-phosphate triggers G protein-coupled receptors, enhancing neuronal survival and plasticity pathways that intersect with X11β's functions. Additionally, Nicotinamide mononucleotide, as a precursor of NAD+, indirectly influences sirtuin activity, which may affect proteins in the X11β signaling complex, altering synaptic maintenance and neuroprotection. Picrotoxin, by antagonizing GABA_A receptors, induces increased synaptic activity, which could indirectly enhance the functions of X11β in synaptic processes.
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $78.00 $153.00 $740.00 $1413.00 $2091.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin activates adenylyl cyclase, increasing the intracellular concentration of cAMP. Elevated cAMP activates PKA, which can phosphorylate various proteins, including those that interact with X11β. Such phosphorylation events can enhance X11β's role in synaptic assembly and function, as it interacts with synaptic vesicle and plasma membrane proteins. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $55.00 $131.00 $203.00 $317.00 | 23 | |
A23187 acts as a mobile ionophore for Ca2+, elevating intracellular calcium levels. This increase can activate calcium-dependent signaling pathways, such as calmodulin-dependent kinase, which may phosphorylate binding partners or substrates of X11β, indirectly enhancing its synaptic signaling and plasticity roles. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $41.00 $132.00 $214.00 $500.00 $948.00 | 119 | |
PMA is a PKC activator, which can modulate synaptic signaling by phosphorylating substrates that interact with X11β. This can enhance the protein's role in synaptic function and neurotransmitter release, as PKC is involved in the regulation of proteins that associate with X11β at the synapse. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $78.00 $270.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that increases intracellular calcium concentration. Elevated calcium levels can activate signaling pathways that intersect with the functional role of X11β, such as the regulation of neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity, potentially enhancing the activity of X11β through these pathways. | ||||||
D-erythro-Sphingosine-1-phosphate | 26993-30-6 | sc-201383 sc-201383D sc-201383A sc-201383B sc-201383C | 1 mg 2 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $165.00 $322.00 $570.00 $907.00 $1727.00 | 7 | |
Sphingosine-1-phosphate engages with G protein-coupled receptors, initiating signaling cascades that can affect neuronal survival and plasticity. This signaling can modulate the synaptic activity where X11β is implicated, enhancing its functional role in neurite outgrowth and synaptic stabilization. | ||||||
(−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate | 989-51-5 | sc-200802 sc-200802A sc-200802B sc-200802C sc-200802D sc-200802E | 10 mg 50 mg 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 10 g | $43.00 $73.00 $126.00 $243.00 $530.00 $1259.00 | 11 | |
EGCG is a kinase inhibitor that may reduce competitive signaling pathways, thus indirectly promoting pathways where X11β is active. For example, inhibiting certain kinases could reduce the phosphorylation of competing synaptic proteins, thereby enhancing the functional role of X11β in synaptic vesicle endocytosis and exocytosis processes. | ||||||
(±)-Bay K 8644 | 71145-03-4 | sc-203324 sc-203324A sc-203324B | 1 mg 5 mg 50 mg | $84.00 $196.00 $817.00 | ||
BAY K8644 is an L-type calcium channel agonist that increases calcium influx. The subsequent activation of calcium-dependent signaling pathways can enhance the interaction of X11β with its protein partners in synaptic transmission and plasticity, indirectly increasing the functional activity of X11β in these processes. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $28.00 $38.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol is a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist that can raise intracellular cAMP levels, similarly to Forskolin. The cAMP signaling cascade activates PKA, which may lead to the phosphorylation of proteins interacting with X11β, thus enhancing its regulatory role in synaptic vesicle cycling and membrane trafficking. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $77.00 $216.00 | 18 | |
Rolipram inhibits phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), leading to increased cAMP levels in the cell. The subsequent activation of PKA can enhance phosphorylation of synaptic proteins that are part of the X11β-associated signaling complex, indirectly increasing its activity in synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter release. | ||||||
β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide | 1094-61-7 | sc-212376 sc-212376A sc-212376B sc-212376C sc-212376D | 25 mg 100 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $110.00 $150.00 $220.00 $300.00 $600.00 | 4 | |
NMN serves as a precursor for NAD+, which is involved in sirtuin activation. Sirtuins can deacetylate proteins that modulate synaptic function, potentially influencing the activity of X11β in synaptic maintenance and neuroprotection by altering the acetylation status of proteins within the X11β signaling network. | ||||||