TYW4 Inhibitors
TYW4 inhibitors are a class of chemical compounds that target the TYW4 enzyme, a member of the radical S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) superfamily. The TYW4 enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of wybutosine (yW), a hypermodified nucleoside found at position 37 of certain tRNAs that recognize the codons starting with adenine. This position is critical for maintaining the proper reading frame during protein synthesis by ensuring accurate and efficient codon-anticodon pairing. The modification process catalyzed by TYW4 is complex, involving multiple enzymatic steps that lead to the addition of carbon atoms to the tRNA molecule, which in turn facilitates the formation of the wybutosine nucleoside. Inhibitors of TYW4 aim to interfere with this enzymatic function, effectively blocking the wybutosine synthesis pathway at a specific stage.
The chemical structures of TYW4 inhibitors are typically designed to mimic substrates or intermediates of the wybutosine biosynthesis pathway, allowing them to bind to the active site of the TYW4 enzyme with high affinity. By doing so, they competitively inhibit the natural enzymatic activity, preventing the normal progression of the wybutosine modification. The design of these inhibitors requires a thorough understanding of the enzyme's structure and the chemical mechanisms underlying the biosynthetic process. Advanced techniques such as X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and computational modeling are often employed to determine the precise interactions between the enzyme and potential inhibitors. This information is crucial for the rational design of molecules that can effectively modulate the activity of TYW4 without affecting other enzymes in the radical SAM superfamily. Such specificity is key to the successful development of these inhibitors, as off-target effects can lead to unintended biochemical consequences.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fluorouracil | 51-21-8 | sc-29060 sc-29060A | 1 g 5 g | $36.00 $149.00 | 11 | |
This compound is a pyrimidine analog that inhibits thymidylate synthase, leading to a decrease in pyrimidine synthesis. As TYW4 is involved in tRNA modification, which is pyrimidine-rich, reduced pyrimidine availability could indirectly decrease the functional activity of TYW4 by limiting its substrate availability. | ||||||
Methotrexate | 59-05-2 | sc-3507 sc-3507A | 100 mg 500 mg | $92.00 $209.00 | 33 | |
Methotrexate is a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, which results in the reduction of nucleotide synthesis. This could indirectly decrease TYW4 activity by reducing the pool of tRNA molecules, which are substrates for TYW4's modifying action. | ||||||
Mycophenolic acid | 24280-93-1 | sc-200110 sc-200110A | 100 mg 500 mg | $68.00 $261.00 | 8 | |
Mycophenolic acid inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, leading to a depletion of guanine nucleotides. Since TYW4 is part of tRNA modification processes, the lack of guanine nucleotides can indirectly affect TYW4 function by disturbing tRNA synthesis and thus its availability as a substrate. | ||||||
Hydroxyurea | 127-07-1 | sc-29061 sc-29061A | 5 g 25 g | $76.00 $255.00 | 18 | |
This ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor decreases the deoxyribonucleotide pool, affecting DNA synthesis and indirectly impacting RNA-related processes. As TYW4 is involved in tRNA modification, diminished RNA synthesis could reduce TYW4 activity indirectly by limiting precursor availability. | ||||||
5-Azacytidine | 320-67-2 | sc-221003 | 500 mg | $280.00 | 4 | |
As a nucleoside analog of cytidine, 5-Azacytidine incorporates into RNA and DNA and causes demethylation and cytotoxicity. Its incorporation into RNA may affect the structure and function of tRNAs, potentially impacting the modification processes that TYW4 is involved in. | ||||||
5-Aza-2′-Deoxycytidine | 2353-33-5 | sc-202424 sc-202424A sc-202424B | 25 mg 100 mg 250 mg | $214.00 $316.00 $418.00 | 7 | |
Decitabine is a cytidine analog that, like 5-Azacytidine, incorporates into DNA and RNA, leading to demethylation effects. By altering RNA methylation patterns, it could indirectly affect TYW4's function in tRNA modification, where methylation is a key process. | ||||||
Lead(II) Acetate | 301-04-2 | sc-507473 | 5 g | $83.00 | ||
Lead acetate is a heavy metal compound that can inhibit various enzymes involved in nucleic acid synthesis and repair. Its inhibitory effects on these enzymes could lead to reduced tRNA synthesis, indirectly decreasing the substrate availability for TYW4-mediated modification. | ||||||
α-Amanitin | 23109-05-9 | sc-202440 sc-202440A | 1 mg 5 mg | $260.00 $1029.00 | 26 | |
α-Amanitin is a potent inhibitor of RNA polymerase II, which is responsible for mRNA synthesis. By inhibiting RNA polymerase II, it indirectly affects tRNA levels and processing, potentially reducing the availability of substrates for TYW4 function. | ||||||
Actinomycin D | 50-76-0 | sc-200906 sc-200906A sc-200906B sc-200906C sc-200906D | 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg 1 g 10 g | $73.00 $238.00 $717.00 $2522.00 $21420.00 | 53 | |
Actinomycin D binds to DNA and inhibits RNA polymerase, which is essential for RNA synthesis. By reducing RNA levels, it can indirectly affect tRNA availability and thus TYW4's role in tRNA modification. | ||||||
Camptothecin | 7689-03-4 | sc-200871 sc-200871A sc-200871B | 50 mg 250 mg 100 mg | $57.00 $182.00 $92.00 | 21 | |
Camptothecin inhibits topoisomerase I, which is crucial for DNA replication and transcription. This inhibition may lead to a decrease in RNA synthesis and processing, potentially impacting tRNA availability for TYW4. | ||||||