TULA Activators
TULA activators are a diverse group of chemical compounds that enhance the functional activity of TULA through multiple distinct signaling pathways. Forskolin, by increasing cAMP, indirectly upregulates TULA's function through PKA activation, which can phosphorylate and change the activity state of TULA. Similarly, Ionomycin and A23187, both calcium ionophores, raise intracellular calcium levels, facilitating the activation of calmodulin-dependent kinases. These kinases can phosphorylate TULA, augmenting its role in the negative regulation of immune cell signaling. PMA, a PKC activator, modulates kinase activity by directly stimulating PKC, which may phosphorylate and activate TULA.
In addition, compounds such as Epigallocatechin gallate and the PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and Wortmannin alter cellular signaling by inhibiting competitive kinases and signaling pathways, indirectly enhancing TULA's activity. Sphingosine-1-phosphate, which affects sphingolipid signaling, and Thapsigargin, disrupting calcium homeostasisby inhibiting SERCA, both modulate secondary messenger systems that can enhance the activity of TULA indirectly. U0126 and SB203580, specific inhibitors of MEK1/2 and p38 MAPK respectively, downregulate MAPK signaling, thereby potentiating TULA's ability to exert its negative regulatory influence on cell signaling without the competition from these MAPK-mediated phosphorylation events.
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $78.00 $153.00 $740.00 $1413.00 $2091.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly elevates intracellular cAMP levels, which, in turn, activates PKA. PKA phosphorylation activity can lead to the activation of downstream proteins, including TULA, by altering their conformation, leading to enhanced functional activity. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $78.00 $270.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that increases intracellular calcium levels. The elevated calcium can activate calmodulin-dependent kinases, which may then phosphorylate and activate TULA, promoting its role in negative regulation of immune receptor signaling. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $41.00 $132.00 $214.00 $500.00 $948.00 | 119 | |
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) activates protein kinase C (PKC), which can phosphorylate a variety of substrates. PKC-mediated phosphorylation can enhance the activity of TULA, facilitating its function in cellular signaling pathways. | ||||||
(−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate | 989-51-5 | sc-200802 sc-200802A sc-200802B sc-200802C sc-200802D sc-200802E | 10 mg 50 mg 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 10 g | $43.00 $73.00 $126.00 $243.00 $530.00 $1259.00 | 11 | |
EGCG is a kinase inhibitor that may reduce competitive signaling by other kinases, indirectly enhancing TULA's functions in downregulating immune cell activation through dephosphorylation processes. | ||||||
LY 294002 | 154447-36-6 | sc-201426 sc-201426A | 5 mg 25 mg | $123.00 $400.00 | 148 | |
LY294002 is a PI3K inhibitor that by limiting PI3K/Akt pathway activity may enhance TULA's negative regulatory effects on cell signaling by reducing competing survival signals. | ||||||
Wortmannin | 19545-26-7 | sc-3505 sc-3505A sc-3505B | 1 mg 5 mg 20 mg | $67.00 $223.00 $425.00 | 97 | |
Wortmannin is another PI3K inhibitor that, similar to LY294002, can enhance TULA's activity by reducing the PI3K/Akt pathway's competitive signaling, favoring TULA-mediated signal modulation. | ||||||
D-erythro-Sphingosine-1-phosphate | 26993-30-6 | sc-201383 sc-201383D sc-201383A sc-201383B sc-201383C | 1 mg 2 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $165.00 $322.00 $570.00 $907.00 $1727.00 | 7 | |
Sphingosine-1-phosphate influences sphingolipid signaling pathways. Activation of these pathways can indirectly enhance TULA's function in cell signaling by modulating receptor-mediated signaling events. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $136.00 $446.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin is an inhibitor of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), leading to an increase in cytosolic calcium levels, which indirectly can activate TULA through calcium-dependent signaling pathways. | ||||||
SB 203580 | 152121-47-6 | sc-3533 sc-3533A | 1 mg 5 mg | $90.00 $349.00 | 284 | |
SB203580 is a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, which can shift the signaling equilibrium, potentially enhancing TULA's role in dephosphorylating target proteins as part of its negative regulatory function. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $55.00 $131.00 $203.00 $317.00 | 23 | |
A23187 is a calcium ionophore that increases intracellular calcium levels, similar to Ionomycin. This increase can indirectly activate TULA by promoting calcium-dependent phosphorylation events that TULA can modulate. | ||||||