TRIM65 Activators
TRIM65 activators comprise a series of chemical compounds that facilitate the enhancement of TRIM65's ubiquitin ligase function by modulating cellular signaling cascades. Forskolin, through its upregulation of cAMP levels, leads to subsequent activation of PKA. This activation cascade can result in the phosphorylation of substrates that interact with TRIM65, potentially heightening its ligase activity. Similarly, ionomycin acts as a catalyst for intracellular calcium increase, which may activate CaMKII. This kinase is implicated in phosphorylation processes that could amplify TRIM65's ubiquitination activity, a critical element of its role in post-translational modifications. PMA and okadaic acid target PKC and phosphatases, respectively, both leading to altered phosphorylation states of proteins that may enhance TRIM65 activity. Calyculin A's inhibition of PP1 and PP2A, and anisomycin's activation of SAPKs, further contribute to the phosphorylation landscape, potentially augmenting TRIM65's ubiquitination capacity.
Inhibitors such as SB203580 and Sp600125, targeting p38 MAP kinase and JNK, respectively, manipulate signaling pathways that could indirectly enhance TRIM65 activity through their influence on TRIM65's regulatory environment. LY294002's PI3K inhibition, rapamycin's mTOR inhibition, and AICAR's AMPK activation all alter various metabolic and stress response pathways. These modulations could lead to a cascade of phosphorylation events, ultimately fostering the functional activity of TRIM65. Collectively, these activators operate through a network of cellular signals, converging on the refinement of TRIM65's role in ubiquitination, without necessitating the upregulation of its expression or direct activation.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $78.00 $153.00 $740.00 $1413.00 $2091.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly stimulates adenylate cyclase, thereby increasing cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in cells. Elevated cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which can phosphorylate specific substrates leading to the activation of TRIM65 by enhancing its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity for substrate proteins. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $78.00 $270.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that increases intracellular calcium levels. This rise in calcium can activate calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), which is known to phosphorylate certain proteins and potentially enhance the ubiquitination activity of TRIM65 through direct or indirect interactions. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $41.00 $132.00 $214.00 $500.00 $948.00 | 119 | |
PMA acts as a diacylglycerol (DAG) analog and activates protein kinase C (PKC). PKC, upon activation, can modify signaling proteins that interact with TRIM65, promoting its activation and increasing its ubiquitin ligase activity, which is crucial for its function in RNA and protein regulation. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $291.00 $530.00 $1800.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic acid inhibits phosphatases, particularly PP2A, leading to increased phosphorylation of cellular proteins. This inhibition can indirectly enhance the activity of TRIM65 by maintaining the phosphorylation status of proteins that may regulate TRIM65's activity or stability within the cell. | ||||||
Calyculin A | 101932-71-2 | sc-24000 sc-24000A | 10 µg 100 µg | $163.00 $800.00 | 59 | |
Calyculin A, like okadaic acid, is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A. By preventing dephosphorylation of proteins, it may enhance the phosphorylation-dependent activation of TRIM65, allowing it to more effectively modulate its substrates. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $99.00 $259.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin is a potent activator of stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) such as JNK. Activation of JNK could lead to the phosphorylation of substrates that may interact with TRIM65, enhancing its ligase activity and thus increasing its functional activity. | ||||||
SB 203580 | 152121-47-6 | sc-3533 sc-3533A | 1 mg 5 mg | $90.00 $349.00 | 284 | |
SB203580 is a specific inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase. Inhibition of p38 MAP kinase can lead to the alteration of signaling pathways that may engage TRIM65, potentially enhancing its activity by influencing the cellular context in which TRIM65 operates. | ||||||
SP600125 | 129-56-6 | sc-200635 sc-200635A | 10 mg 50 mg | $40.00 $150.00 | 257 | |
Sp600125 is an inhibitor of the JNK pathway. By modulating the activity of JNK, it may affect downstream targets that interact with or regulate the activity of TRIM65, thereby potentially enhancing the ubiquitin ligase activity of TRIM65 by affecting these regulatory mechanisms. | ||||||
LY 294002 | 154447-36-6 | sc-201426 sc-201426A | 5 mg 25 mg | $123.00 $400.00 | 148 | |
LY294002 is a PI3K inhibitor that can alter the PI3K/Akt pathway, a pathway that may intersect with TRIM65 function. By inhibiting PI3K, LY294002 could indirectly enhance the activity of TRIM65 by affecting the proteins and pathways that regulate or are regulated by TRIM65. | ||||||
Rapamycin | 53123-88-9 | sc-3504 sc-3504A sc-3504B | 1 mg 5 mg 25 mg | $63.00 $158.00 $326.00 | 233 | |
Rapamycin inhibits mTOR, which is involved in the regulation of protein synthesis and autophagy. By inhibiting mTOR, rapamycin may indirectly increase the need for TRIM65's ubiquitin ligase activity as part of the cellular response to altered protein synthesis and degradation. | ||||||