TMEM168 Activators
TMEM168 Activators are chemicals that can activate the transmembrane protein 168 through various indirect mechanisms. This class encompasses compounds that interact with cellular signaling pathways, ionic homeostasis, and protein trafficking. For instance, forskolin is known to activate adenylyl cyclase, leading to increased levels of cyclic AMP, a secondary messenger that can regulate a plethora of cellular processes, including potentially the transcription of genes encoding transmembrane proteins such as TMEM168. Phorbol esters like PMA act as diacylglycerol analogs to activate protein kinase C, which can modulate numerous membrane-associated proteins and could, by extension, affect the expression or function of TMEM168.
Moreover, compounds that disrupt calcium homeostasis, such as ionomycin, thapsigargin, A23187, and 2-APB, can have broad effects on cellular function, including potential upregulation of calcium-responsive genes or the activation of stress pathways that may involve TMEM168. Similarly, agents that interfere with protein glycosylation and trafficking, like tunicamycin and brefeldin A, might invoke a cellular stress response leading to the upregulation of various transmembrane proteins, among them TMEM168. Such stress responses could also be provoked by proteasome inhibitors like MG132, which lead to the accumulation of proteins within the cell.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
By elevating intracellular cAMP levels, Forskolin can activate PKA, which may lead to phosphorylation of transcription factors that enhance TMEM168 gene expression. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
Activates PKC which can phosphorylate and activate transcription factors or other signaling molecules that increase the transcription of TMEM168. | ||||||
Ionomycin, free acid | 56092-81-0 | sc-263405 sc-263405A | 1 mg 5 mg | $94.00 $259.00 | 2 | |
Elevates intracellular calcium, potentially activating calcium-sensitive signaling cascades that could enhance TMEM168 expression or stabilize its mRNA. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $94.00 $349.00 | 114 | |
Induces ER stress by disrupting calcium stores, possibly upregulating TMEM168 as part of the unfolded protein response. | ||||||
Brefeldin A | 20350-15-6 | sc-200861C sc-200861 sc-200861A sc-200861B | 1 mg 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $30.00 $52.00 $122.00 $367.00 | 25 | |
Impedes protein trafficking, potentially increasing TMEM168 levels due to compensatory mechanisms in response to ER stress. | ||||||
Tunicamycin | 11089-65-9 | sc-3506A sc-3506 | 5 mg 10 mg | $169.00 $299.00 | 66 | |
Induces ER stress by inhibiting N-linked glycosylation, possibly leading to upregulation of TMEM168 as a cellular protective response. | ||||||
Nigericin sodium salt | 28643-80-3 | sc-201518A sc-201518 sc-201518B sc-201518C sc-201518D | 1 mg 5 mg 25 mg 1 g 5 g | $45.00 $110.00 $235.00 $6940.00 $26879.00 | 9 | |
Disrupts proton and potassium gradient, which may trigger cellular responses that upregulate TMEM168 as part of ionic homeostasis. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $54.00 $128.00 $199.00 $311.00 | 23 | |
Increases intracellular calcium, potentially enhancing TMEM168 expression through activation of calcium-dependent transcriptional pathways. | ||||||
MG-132 [Z-Leu- Leu-Leu-CHO] | 133407-82-6 | sc-201270 sc-201270A sc-201270B | 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $56.00 $260.00 $980.00 | 163 | |
Inhibits proteasomal degradation, potentially leading to an accumulation of TMEM168 if it is normally subject to proteasomal turnover. | ||||||
Betulinic Acid | 472-15-1 | sc-200132 sc-200132A | 25 mg 100 mg | $115.00 $337.00 | 3 | |
Influences multiple signaling pathways, which could lead to the upregulation of TMEM168 expression as part of a broader alteration of cellular homeostasis. | ||||||