TM4SF20 Activators
Chemical activators of TM4SF20 can instigate a cascade of intracellular events leading to the phosphorylation and subsequent activation of the protein. Compounds like PMA target and activate protein kinase C (PKC), which directly phosphorylates TM4SF20. Ionomycin functions by elevating intracellular calcium levels, which then activate calcium-dependent kinases that also have the capability to phosphorylate TM4SF20. Similarly, Thapsigargin disrupts calcium homeostasis by inhibiting the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA), thereby raising cytosolic calcium levels and activating kinases that can phosphorylate TM4SF20. Forskolin, on the other hand, bypasses the calcium signaling pathway and directly stimulates adenylyl cyclase, thus increasing cAMP levels within the cell. This rise in cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which can also target TM4SF20 for phosphorylation.
Other chemicals function by inhibiting the dephosphorylation processes within cells, indirectly promoting the activation of TM4SF20 through sustained phosphorylation. Okadaic Acid and Calyculin A achieve this by inhibiting protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, while Anisomycin activates stress-activated protein kinases, such as JNK and p38 MAP kinase, which phosphorylate various substrates including TM4SF20. Sphingosine, after being converted to sphingosine-1-phosphate, activates kinase signaling pathways that can lead to TM4SF20 phosphorylation. Bryostatin 1 modulates PKC activity, altering phosphorylation patterns in the cell, which includes the activation of TM4SF20. Additionally, dibutyryl-cAMP and 8-Br-cAMP, which are membrane-permeable analogs of cAMP, activate PKA, culminating in the phosphorylation of TM4SF20. Each of these chemicals, through their unique mechanisms, ensures the phosphorylation and activation of TM4SF20 within the cellular environment.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) activates protein kinase C (PKC) which can phosphorylate TM4SF20, resulting in its functional activation as phosphorylation is a common regulatory mechanism for protein activity. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin acts as a calcium ionophore, increasing intracellular calcium concentration that activates calcium-dependent kinases which can phosphorylate TM4SF20 leading to its activation. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly stimulates adenylyl cyclase, increasing cAMP levels. Elevated cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which can phosphorylate TM4SF20, leading to its activation. | ||||||
Bisindolylmaleimide I (GF 109203X) | 133052-90-1 | sc-24003A sc-24003 | 1 mg 5 mg | $103.00 $237.00 | 36 | |
Bisindolylmaleimide I is a specific inhibitor of PKC; however, its action may result in the compensatory activation of other kinases such as PKA, which in turn can phosphorylate and activate TM4SF20. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $94.00 $349.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin inhibits the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA), causing an increase in cytosolic calcium levels, which activates calcium-dependent kinases capable of phosphorylating TM4SF20, thus leading to its functional activation. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $285.00 $520.00 $1300.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic Acid inhibits protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, leading to increased phosphorylation within the cell. This can result in the activation of TM4SF20 as the protein remains phosphorylated. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $254.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin activates stress-activated protein kinases such as JNK and p38 MAP kinase, which can phosphorylate various substrates including TM4SF20, thereby activating the protein. | ||||||
Calyculin A | 101932-71-2 | sc-24000 sc-24000A sc-24000B sc-24000C | 10 µg 100 µg 500 µg 1 mg | $160.00 $750.00 $1400.00 $3000.00 | 59 | |
Calyculin A, similar to Okadaic Acid, inhibits protein phosphatases, particularly PP1 and PP2A, leading to increased phosphorylation and consequent activation of proteins including TM4SF20. | ||||||
D-erythro-Sphingosine | 123-78-4 | sc-3546 sc-3546A sc-3546B sc-3546C sc-3546D sc-3546E | 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg 1 g 5 g 10 g | $88.00 $190.00 $500.00 $2400.00 $9200.00 $15000.00 | 2 | |
Sphingosine can be phosphorylated to form sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which can activate kinase signaling pathways that lead to the phosphorylation and activation of TM4SF20. | ||||||
Bryostatin 1 | 83314-01-6 | sc-201407 | 10 µg | $240.00 | 9 | |
Bryostatin 1 modulates the activity of PKC, which can lead to altered phosphorylation patterns of proteins, including TM4SF20 activation. | ||||||