TCP-1 α Activators
TCP-1 α activators, as highlighted in the table, are a class of chemicals that act by influencing the cellular stress responses, specifically the heat shock response and the unfolded protein response. These responses are activated when cells encounter conditions that lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins, and they function to restore cellular homeostasis by enhancing the protein folding capacity of the cell. Geldanamycin and 17-AAG are heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors that can indirectly activate TCP-1 α by promoting the activation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), which in turn enhances the expression of various heat shock proteins, including TCP-1 α. Similarly, Celastrol can activate TCP-1 α by directly activating HSF1, leading to the upregulation of heat shock proteins.
The proteasome inhibitors MG132 and Bortezomib also indirectly activate TCP--1 α by inhibiting the degradation of misfolded proteins, leading to the activation of the heat shock response and increased expression of TCP-1 α. Tunicamycin, Thapsigargin, DTT, and Aze all operate by promoting the accumulation of misfolded proteins, either by inhibiting protein glycosylation, reducing ER calcium stores, reducing disulfide bonds, or encouraging the incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins, respectively. This accumulation of misfolded proteins triggers the unfolded protein response, leading to the upregulation of TCP-1 α. The chemical chaperone 4-PBA can modulate the expression of TCP-1 α by assisting in protein folding and reducing ER stress. This reduction in ER stress can influence the balance of chaperone proteins within the cell and leads to increased levels of TCP-1 α. Finally, Salubrinal and Guanabenz can indirectly activate TCP-1 α by selectively inhibiting eIF2α dephosphorylation, which prolongs the unfolded protein response and subsequently leads to an increase in the expression of TCP-1 α
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Geldanamycin | 30562-34-6 | sc-200617B sc-200617C sc-200617 sc-200617A | 100 µg 500 µg 1 mg 5 mg | $38.00 $58.00 $102.00 $202.00 | 8 | |
Geldanamycin is a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor. Hsp90 is known to interact with TCP-1 α and assist in its correct folding. Inhibiting Hsp90 can lead to the activation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), which promotes the expression of heat shock proteins including TCP-1 α. | ||||||
17-AAG | 75747-14-7 | sc-200641 sc-200641A | 1 mg 5 mg | $66.00 $153.00 | 16 | |
17-AAG is another Hsp90 inhibitor. It operates similarly to Geldanamycin by inhibiting Hsp90 and thereby activating HSF1. This leads to the increased expression of heat shock proteins including TCP-1 α. | ||||||
Celastrol, Celastrus scandens | 34157-83-0 | sc-202534 | 10 mg | $155.00 | 6 | |
Celastrol is a potent HSF1 activator. Activation of HSF1 leads to the upregulation of heat shock proteins, which includes TCP-1 α. | ||||||
MG-132 [Z-Leu- Leu-Leu-CHO] | 133407-82-6 | sc-201270 sc-201270A sc-201270B | 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $56.00 $260.00 $980.00 | 163 | |
MG132 is a proteasome inhibitor. By inhibiting the proteasome, MG132 can lead to an accumulation and stabilization of misfolded proteins, which can activate the heat shock response and subsequently lead to the activation and increased expression of TCP-1 α. | ||||||
Bortezomib | 179324-69-7 | sc-217785 sc-217785A | 2.5 mg 25 mg | $132.00 $1064.00 | 115 | |
Bortezomib is another proteasome inhibitor. Similar to MG132, Bortezomib can lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins and the activation of the heat shock response, leading to the increased expression of TCP-1 α. | ||||||
Tunicamycin | 11089-65-9 | sc-3506A sc-3506 | 5 mg 10 mg | $169.00 $299.00 | 66 | |
Tunicamycin inhibits N-linked glycosylation, leading to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This triggers the ER stress response, which can upregulate chaperone proteins including TCP-1 α. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $94.00 $349.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin is a non-competitive inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA). Inhibiting SERCA leads to a depletion of ER calcium stores, triggering ER stress and the unfolded protein response, which can lead to the increased expression of TCP-1 α. | ||||||
L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid | 2133-34-8 | sc-263441 sc-263441A | 1 g 5 g | $136.00 $413.00 | 1 | |
Aze is a proline analog that can be incorporated into proteins, leading to misfolding. Increased misfolded proteins can activate the unfolded protein response, increasing the expression of TCP-1 α. | ||||||
Sodium phenylbutyrate | 1716-12-7 | sc-200652 sc-200652A sc-200652B sc-200652C sc-200652D | 1 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg 10 kg | $75.00 $163.00 $622.00 $4906.00 $32140.00 | 43 | |
Sodium phenylbutyrate is a chemical chaperone that assists in protein folding and reduces ER stress. By reducing ER stress, Sodium phenylbutyrate can modulate the expression of chaperone proteins, potentially increasing the levels of TCP-1 α. | ||||||
Salubrinal | 405060-95-9 | sc-202332 sc-202332A | 1 mg 5 mg | $33.00 $102.00 | 87 | |
Salubrinal is a selective inhibitor of eIF2α dephosphorylation. Inhibition of eIF2α dephosphorylation can prolong the unfolded protein response, leading to an increase in the expression of TCP-1 α. | ||||||