Protamine 2 Inhibitors
Protamine 2 inhibitors are a class of chemical compounds that act by selectively binding to protamine 2, a protein involved in the regulation of nucleic acids, particularly in sperm chromatin organization. Protamine 2, unlike its counterpart protamine 1, is characterized by a higher arginine content and a different mode of interaction with DNA. Inhibitors of protamine 2 typically function by interfering with this protein's ability to compact and stabilize DNA during the late stages of spermatogenesis. The disruption of the protamine-DNA interaction can lead to altered nucleoprotein complexes, affecting the condensation and packaging of the genetic material in sperm cells. Chemically, protamine 2 inhibitors may possess specific structural features, such as highly charged groups that allow them to interact with the positively charged arginine residues of protamine 2. These inhibitors often rely on electrostatic interactions or hydrogen bonding to block or modify the function of protamine 2.
Structurally, protamine 2 inhibitors exhibit considerable diversity, ranging from small molecules to larger macromolecular compounds. Some inhibitors may include peptide analogs designed to mimic regions of protamine 2, while others are small organic molecules designed to fit into the key binding pockets or to disrupt essential conformational states of protamine 2. These inhibitors have proven useful in studying the structural biology of sperm chromatin, as they can help reveal the intricacies of nucleoprotein complex formation. Furthermore, they may serve as tools to understand the biochemical pathways governing nucleic acid binding and compaction, thus contributing to a broader understanding of genetic material regulation at the molecular level. Their role in inhibiting a naturally occurring protein-DNA interaction can also provide insights into the evolution of DNA-binding proteins and chromatin remodeling processes.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heparin | 9005-49-6 | sc-507344 | 25 mg | $117.00 | 1 | |
Heparin, an anticoagulant, can indirectly influence Protamine 2 (PRM2) by interacting with its binding partners. Heparin prevents the formation of the PRM2-heparin complex, disrupting the normal function of PRM2 in DNA compaction during sperm maturation. This disruption can lead to impaired chromatin structure and potential inhibition of PRM2 activity. | ||||||
Nifedipine | 21829-25-4 | sc-3589 sc-3589A | 1 g 5 g | $58.00 $170.00 | 15 | |
Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, can indirectly modulate PRM2 by affecting calcium homeostasis. As calcium is essential for sperm function, altering its levels with nifedipine may impact PRM2 function during sperm chromatin condensation. The disruption of calcium-dependent processes can lead to impaired DNA compaction mediated by PRM2. | ||||||
Sodium nitroprusside dihydrate | 13755-38-9 | sc-203395 sc-203395A sc-203395B | 1 g 5 g 100 g | $42.00 $83.00 $155.00 | 7 | |
Sodium nitroferricyanide, a nitric oxide donor, can indirectly influence PRM2 through nitric oxide signaling. Nitric oxide, generated by sodium nitroprusside, may affect cellular pathways related to sperm maturation. The alteration of these pathways can lead to changes in PRM2 function during chromatin condensation, potentially inhibiting its activity. | ||||||
Auranofin | 34031-32-8 | sc-202476 sc-202476A sc-202476B | 25 mg 100 mg 2 g | $150.00 $210.00 $1899.00 | 39 | |
Auranofin, a gold-containing compound, can indirectly modulate PRM2 by impacting redox homeostasis. As redox balance is crucial for sperm function, auranofin-induced changes in oxidative stress may affect PRM2 function during sperm chromatin condensation. Disruption of redox-dependent processes can lead to impaired DNA compaction mediated by PRM2. | ||||||
Amiloride | 2609-46-3 | sc-337527 | 1 g | $290.00 | 7 | |
Amiloride, a sodium channel blocker, can indirectly influence PRM2 by affecting intracellular sodium levels. Changes in sodium homeostasis may impact cellular processes crucial for sperm maturation, consequently affecting PRM2 function during chromatin condensation. Altered sodium levels can lead to impaired DNA compaction mediated by PRM2. | ||||||
Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) | 67-68-5 | sc-202581 sc-202581A sc-202581B | 100 ml 500 ml 4 L | $30.00 $115.00 $900.00 | 136 | |
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) can indirectly modulate PRM2 by altering cellular processes related to sperm maturation. As a solvent with diverse effects, DMSO may impact the integrity of cellular membranes and signal transduction pathways, potentially influencing PRM2 function during chromatin condensation. Changes in these processes can lead to impaired DNA compaction mediated by PRM2. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $54.00 $128.00 $199.00 $311.00 | 23 | |
A23187, a calcium ionophore, can indirectly influence PRM2 by promoting calcium influx. Increased intracellular calcium levels may affect cellular pathways crucial for sperm maturation, subsequently impacting PRM2 function during chromatin condensation. Changes in calcium-dependent processes can lead to impaired DNA compaction mediated by PRM2. | ||||||
2,3-Butanedione 2-Monoxime | 57-71-6 | sc-203774 sc-203774A sc-203774B sc-203774C | 25 g 100 g 250 g 500 g | $41.00 $76.00 $158.00 $280.00 | ||
2,3-Butanedione monoxime, an inhibitor of myosin ATPase, can indirectly modulate PRM2 by affecting cellular processes involved in sperm maturation. As a myosin ATPase inhibitor, it may influence the dynamics of the cytoskeleton and intracellular transport, potentially impacting PRM2 function during chromatin condensation. Changes in these processes can lead to impaired DNA compaction mediated by PRM2. | ||||||
Iodoacetic acid | 64-69-7 | sc-215183 sc-215183A | 10 g 25 g | $56.00 $97.00 | ||
Iodoacetic acid, an alkylating agent, can indirectly influence PRM2 by modifying cellular proteins involved in sperm maturation. As an alkylating agent, it may disrupt the function of proteins crucial for PRM2-mediated DNA compaction during chromatin condensation. Modifications induced by iodoacetic acid can lead to impaired PRM2 activity and compromised sperm chromatin structure. | ||||||
2-APB | 524-95-8 | sc-201487 sc-201487A | 20 mg 100 mg | $27.00 $52.00 | 37 | |
2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), an IP3 receptor inhibitor, can indirectly modulate PRM2 by impacting calcium signaling. As an IP3 receptor inhibitor, 2-APB may alter intracellular calcium release, influencing cellular pathways crucial for sperm maturation. Changes in calcium-dependent processes can affect PRM2 function during chromatin condensation, leading to impaired DNA compaction. | ||||||