PPEF-2 Activators
PPEF-2, characterized as a protein phosphatase with EF-hands, inherently relies on its calcium-binding domains for activation. Chemicals like Calcium Ionophore A23187 and Ionomycin, by increasing intracellular calcium, can directly activate PPEF-2, making it more functionally available for dephosphorylation activities. On the other hand, compounds like Thapsigargin and Caffeine, which modulate calcium release from ER stores, could increase calcium concentrations, indirectly priming PPEF-2 for activation.
Furthermore, in the interconnected landscape of cellular signaling, alterations in cAMP levels or broad-spectrum kinase activities can shape the phosphatase environment. Forskolin and 8-Bromo-cAMP, by influencing cAMP dynamics, could instigate downstream signaling cascades that indirectly elevate PPEF-2's activity. Similarly, Staurosporine, with its broad kinase inhibition, could modify the overall phosphorylation environment in a manner that indirectly activates PPEF-2. Conversely, the inhibition of phosphatases like PP1 and PP2A by Okadaic Acid and Calyculin A might create a scenario where PPEF-2 activity is indirectly upregulated to maintain phosphatase equilibrium within the cell.
SEE ALSO...
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $54.00 $128.00 $199.00 $311.00 | 23 | |
Increases intracellular calcium levels, which can directly activate PPEF-2 due to its EF-hand calcium-binding domains. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Elevates cAMP levels. Elevated cAMP can lead to downstream signaling that might activate PPEF-2 or enhance its phosphatase activity. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
Activates PKC, which might phosphorylate substrates or interacting proteins, changing the cellular environment to favor PPEF-2 activation. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $94.00 $349.00 | 114 | |
Induces calcium release from the ER, potentially directly activating PPEF-2 due to its calcium-binding domains. | ||||||
Ionomycin, free acid | 56092-81-0 | sc-263405 sc-263405A | 1 mg 5 mg | $94.00 $259.00 | 2 | |
Increases intracellular calcium, which can directly bind and activate PPEF-2. | ||||||
Nifedipine | 21829-25-4 | sc-3589 sc-3589A | 1 g 5 g | $58.00 $170.00 | 15 | |
Although it reduces calcium influx, cellular compensatory mechanisms might increase internal calcium stores, potentially activating PPEF-2. | ||||||
Caffeine | 58-08-2 | sc-202514 sc-202514A sc-202514B sc-202514C sc-202514D | 5 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 5 kg | $32.00 $66.00 $95.00 $188.00 $760.00 | 13 | |
By inducing calcium release from ER stores, it could lead to increased intracellular calcium activating PPEF-2. | ||||||
Staurosporine | 62996-74-1 | sc-3510 sc-3510A sc-3510B | 100 µg 1 mg 5 mg | $82.00 $150.00 $388.00 | 113 | |
Though a kinase inhibitor, its broad-spectrum action could lead to changes in cellular phosphorylation dynamics, potentially favoring PPEF-2 activation in certain contexts. | ||||||
8-Bromo-cAMP | 76939-46-3 | sc-201564 sc-201564A | 10 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $224.00 | 30 | |
As a cAMP analog, it might mimic Forskolin's effects, inducing downstream signaling favorable for PPEF-2 activation. | ||||||
EGTA | 67-42-5 | sc-3593 sc-3593A sc-3593B sc-3593C sc-3593D | 1 g 10 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg | $20.00 $62.00 $116.00 $246.00 $799.00 | 23 | |
While it chelates calcium, reducing its levels, the cellular response might include compensatory mechanisms that could indirectly activate PPEF-2. | ||||||