Neu4 Activators
Chemical activators of Neu4 engage in a multifaceted process to increase its functional activity through a series of signaling pathway activations. Calcium ions, for instance, serve as primary messengers that activate calmodulin, which in turn can activate calmodulin-dependent kinases. These kinases are known to phosphorylate target proteins, and in the context of Neu4, this phosphorylation can enhance its activity. Similar calcium-mediated activation is achieved by A23187 (Calcimycin) and Ionomycin, both acting as calcium ionophores, and by Bay K 8644, a calcium channel agonist, all of which increase the intracellular calcium concentration. This rise in calcium levels can activate calmodulin-dependent kinases, which then can phosphorylate Neu4. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) directly targets protein kinase C (PKC), leading to the activation of this kinase and subsequent phosphorylation of Neu4.
Additionally, modulation of the cAMP pathway presents a significant mechanism for the activation of Neu4. Forskolin, by stimulating adenylate cyclase, raises cAMP levels within the cell. Elevated cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which can phosphorylate Neu4. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dBcAMP) and 8-Bromo-cAMP, both analogs of cAMP, similarly activate PKA, which phosphorylates and activates Neu4. Isoproterenol also increases cAMP levels, further contributing to PKA-mediated phosphorylation of Neu4. Rolipram, by inhibiting phosphodiesterase, prevents cAMP breakdown, ensuring sustained PKA activity and subsequent Neu4 activation. Paradoxically, Bisindolylmaleimide I (BIM), a PKC inhibitor, can activate PKC through feedback mechanisms, which can lead to Neu4 activation. Okadaic Acid, by inhibiting protein phosphatases, ensures that proteins like Neu4 remain phosphorylated, thus maintaining the protein in an active state. Collectively, these chemicals utilize cellular signaling pathways that converge on the phosphorylation of Neu4, which is a key post-translational modification that can activate the protein.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Calcium | 7440-70-2 | sc-252536 | 5 g | $209.00 | ||
Calcium ions can activate calmodulin, which in turn can activate calmodulin-dependent kinases. These kinases can phosphorylate Neu4, leading to its functional activation. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates protein kinase C (PKC) which can phosphorylate Neu4, resulting in its activation. | ||||||
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin stimulates adenylate cyclase, raising cAMP levels, which can activate protein kinase A (PKA). PKA can then phosphorylate and activate Neu4. | ||||||
Dibutyryl-cAMP | 16980-89-5 | sc-201567 sc-201567A sc-201567B sc-201567C | 20 mg 100 mg 500 mg 10 g | $45.00 $130.00 $480.00 $4450.00 | 74 | |
dBcAMP is a cell-permeable cAMP analog that activates PKA. Activated PKA can phosphorylate Neu4, leading to its activation. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $76.00 $265.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that raises intracellular calcium concentration, which can activate calmodulin-dependent kinases to phosphorylate and activate Neu4. | ||||||
8-Bromo-cAMP | 76939-46-3 | sc-201564 sc-201564A | 10 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $224.00 | 30 | |
As a cAMP analogue, 8-Bromo-cAMP activates PKA, which can then phosphorylate and activate Neu4. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $54.00 $128.00 $199.00 $311.00 | 23 | |
This calcium ionophore increases intracellular calcium, which can activate calmodulin-dependent kinases, potentially leading to the phosphorylation and activation of Neu4. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $27.00 $37.00 | 5 | |
As a beta-adrenoceptor agonist, Isoproterenol can increase cAMP levels, leading to PKA activation. PKA can phosphorylate and activate Neu4. | ||||||
(±)-Bay K 8644 | 71145-03-4 | sc-203324 sc-203324A sc-203324B | 1 mg 5 mg 50 mg | $82.00 $192.00 $801.00 | ||
Bay K 8644 is a calcium channel agonist that increases intracellular calcium levels. Increased calcium can activate calmodulin-dependent kinases that phosphorylate and activate Neu4. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $75.00 $212.00 | 18 | |
Rolipram is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that prevents cAMP breakdown, leading to PKA activation. PKA then can phosphorylate and activate Neu4. | ||||||