Msx-3 Activators
Msx-3 Activators are chemical compounds that modulate various cellular signaling pathways or influence chromatin architecture to indirectly affect the activity of Msx-3, a transcription factor involved in gene regulation. The mechanisms through which these activators function are diverse but converge on altering the transcriptional machinery and the chromatin landscape, which can impact the transcription factor's ability to bind DNA and regulate gene expression. Some activators, such as Forskolin and db-cAMP, elevate intracellular cAMP levels, leading to the activation of PKA, which can phosphorylate proteins that might modulate Msx-3 activity. Others, like HDAC inhibitors (e.g., Trichostatin A and SodiumButyrate), alter histone acetylation, potentially counteracting the repressive effects of Msx-3 on transcription.
The functional mechanisms of Msx-3 Activators are centered around the modulation of intracellular signaling cascades and chromatin modifications, which can have downstream effects on Msx-3 function. Forskolin and isoproterenol, by increasing cAMP levels, initiate a cascade that activates PKA, potentially influencing Msx-3's interaction with other proteins or with DNA itself. HDAC inhibitors, such as Trichostatin A and Sodium Butyrate, change the acetylation pattern of histones, possibly affecting Msx-3's role in gene repression. Compounds like Retinoic acid and 17-β-Estradiol exert their effects through nuclear hormone receptors, which may indirectly influence Msx-3 activity via alterations in transcriptional networks. Meanwhile, DNA methylation and histone modification modulators, such as 5-Azacytidine and Lithium Chloride, can cause shifts in gene expression profiles that may indirectly modulate the activity of Msx-3. Each of these activators operates through distinct yet interconnected pathways that ultimately converge on the regulation of transcription, with potential implications for the functional activity of Msx-3.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly stimulates adenylate cyclase, leading to an increase in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels, which can result in the activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). PKA can then phosphorylate various transcription factors or coactivators that may interact with or modulate the activity of Msx-3, thereby influencing its DNA-binding transcription activity. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates protein kinase C (PKC), which may then phosphorylate regulatory proteins that interact with Msx-3 or influence chromatin structure and transcriptional regulation, potentially affecting Msx-3's activity in the regulation of gene expression. | ||||||
Trichostatin A | 58880-19-6 | sc-3511 sc-3511A sc-3511B sc-3511C sc-3511D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 50 mg | $149.00 $470.00 $620.00 $1199.00 $2090.00 | 33 | |
HDAC inhibitors like Trichostatin A increase histone acetylation, which generally leads to a more relaxed chromatin structure and can promote transcriptional activation. This could counteract the negative regulation of histone acetylation by Msx-3, potentially modifying its regulatory activities. | ||||||
5-Azacytidine | 320-67-2 | sc-221003 | 500 mg | $280.00 | 4 | |
5-Azacytidine is a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor that leads to reduced DNA methylation, which can alter gene expression patterns. This modification may influence the regulatory roles of Msx-3 in transcriptional control by changing the access of Msx-3 to its DNA targets. | ||||||
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $65.00 $319.00 $575.00 $998.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic acid modulates gene expression through its receptors which can interact with other transcription factors and influence chromatin remodeling. This can modify the transcriptional regulatory network in which Msx-3 participates, potentially affecting its capacity to regulate target genes. | ||||||
Dibutyryl-cAMP | 16980-89-5 | sc-201567 sc-201567A sc-201567B sc-201567C | 20 mg 100 mg 500 mg 10 g | $45.00 $130.00 $480.00 $4450.00 | 74 | |
As a membrane-permeable cAMP analogue, db-cAMP can diffuse into cells and mimic the effects of cAMP, leading to activation of PKA. The resultant phosphorylation of associated proteins may influence Msx-3's function in transcription regulation. | ||||||
Lithium | 7439-93-2 | sc-252954 | 50 g | $214.00 | ||
Lithium chloride inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). While not directly related to Msx-3, inhibiting this kinase can lead to altered phosphorylation states of proteins within the signaling pathways that could modulate Msx-3 activity indirectly. | ||||||
Sodium Butyrate | 156-54-7 | sc-202341 sc-202341B sc-202341A sc-202341C | 250 mg 5 g 25 g 500 g | $30.00 $46.00 $82.00 $218.00 | 19 | |
Sodium butyrate is an HDAC inhibitor that can lead to hyperacetylation of histones, thereby affecting chromatin structure and potentially modulating the activity of transcription factors like Msx-3 by affecting its regulatory influence on transcription. | ||||||
β-Estradiol | 50-28-2 | sc-204431 sc-204431A | 500 mg 5 g | $62.00 $178.00 | 8 | |
17-β-Estradiol binds to estrogen receptors and can modulate gene expression by influencing the transcriptional machinery. This can lead to changes in the network of transcriptional regulation where Msx-3 is involved, possibly affecting its activity. | ||||||
Bisphenol A | 80-05-7 | sc-391751 sc-391751A | 100 mg 10 g | $300.00 $490.00 | 5 | |
Bisphenol A can bind to estrogen receptors, albeit weakly, and potentially alter gene expression patterns within cells. This may have downstream effects on transcription factors and co-regulators that interact or modulate the activity of Msx-3. | ||||||