MRP-L21 Activators
MRP-L21 function chiefly through the modulation of cellular signaling pathways that enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and the functionality of the mitochondrial ribosome. Forskolin directly stimulates adenylyl cyclase, which leads to an increase in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels within the cell, thereby promoting the activation of cAMP-dependent pathways that are involved in mitochondrial protein synthesis. Similarly, Isoproterenol, by activating adenylyl cyclase via beta-adrenergic receptors, increases intracellular cAMP, which in turn may enhance the production and activity of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins including MRP-L21. Dibutyryl-cAMP, a synthetic analog of cAMP, bypasses cell surface receptors and activates protein kinase A (PKA) directly, leading to downstream effects that promote mitochondrial gene expression and ribosomal activity. Another compound, Rolipram, inhibits phosphodiesterase-4, thus preventing cAMP degradation and sustaining its action within the cell, which can promote MRP-L21 function. Zaprinast and IBMX, by inhibiting phosphodiesterase-5 and non-selective phosphodiesterases respectively, elevate both cAMP and cGMP levels, which can enhance the activity of the mitochondrial ribosome and MRP-L21.
Anisomycin, although primarily a protein synthesis inhibitor, can activate stress response pathways such as p38 MAPK and JNK at low concentrations, which can affect mitochondrial ribosomal protein activity. AICAR, by activating AMP-activated protein kinase, can stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis and potentially enhance the role of MRP-L21 in protein synthesis within the mitochondria. Retinoic acid affects cellular metabolism and differentiation, which can increase the demand for mitochondrial ribosomal proteins and thereby activate MRP-L21. Resveratrol, through the activation of SIRT1, can promote mitochondrial function and the requirement for mitochondrial protein synthesis, which in turn can activate MRP-L21. Spermidine can induce autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, thus potentially increasing the activity of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins such as MRP-L21. Lastly, activation of PGC-1α, for instance by PPARδ agonist GW501516, upregulates mitochondrial biogenesis and could thereby increase the demand and activation of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, including MRP-L21, to support enhanced mitochondrial protein synthesis.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly stimulates adenylyl cyclase, increasing cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in cells, which can lead to the activation of cAMP-dependent pathways. Since MRP-L21 is a mitochondrial ribosomal protein, elevated cAMP may enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and function, supporting the activity of MRP-L21 in mitochondrial protein synthesis. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $27.00 $37.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol is a beta-adrenergic agonist that increases intracellular cAMP by activating adenylyl cyclase via the beta-adrenergic receptor. This increase in cAMP can enhance mitochondrial biogenesis, potentially upregulating the functional activity of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins such as MRP-L21. | ||||||
Dibutyryl-cAMP | 16980-89-5 | sc-201567 sc-201567A sc-201567B sc-201567C | 20 mg 100 mg 500 mg 10 g | $45.00 $130.00 $480.00 $4450.00 | 74 | |
Dibutyryl-cAMP is a cell-permeable analog of cAMP which activates PKA leading to downstream effects that can include the activation of mitochondrial genes and the corresponding ribosomal proteins, including MRP-L21, to meet the increased demand for mitochondrial protein synthesis. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $75.00 $212.00 | 18 | |
Rolipram inhibits phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), leading to an increase in cAMP levels within the cell. Elevated cAMP can activate protein kinase A (PKA), which may enhance the activity of mitochondrial ribosome and thus could activate the function of MRP-L21 in mitochondrial protein translation. | ||||||
Zaprinast (M&B 22948) | 37762-06-4 | sc-201206 sc-201206A | 25 mg 100 mg | $103.00 $245.00 | 8 | |
Zaprinast inhibits phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5), which can increase cAMP and cGMP levels in cells, potentially leading to the activation of cAMP/cGMP-dependent pathways that support the function of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins such as MRP-L21. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $159.00 $315.00 $598.00 | 34 | |
IBMX is a non-selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, which elevates cAMP and cGMP levels by preventing their degradation. This increase can activate PKA and potentially improve mitochondrial ribosomal function, thereby activating MRP-L21. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $254.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin is a pyrrolidine antibiotic that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor. Paradoxically, in low concentrations, it can activate stress response pathways, such as p38 MAPK and JNK, which may lead to the activation of mitochondrial stress responses, potentially enhancing the functional role of MRP-L21 in adapting mitochondrial translation machinery. | ||||||
AICAR | 2627-69-2 | sc-200659 sc-200659A sc-200659B | 50 mg 250 mg 1 g | $60.00 $270.00 $350.00 | 48 | |
AICAR activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which can lead to the activation of mitochondrial biogenesis. This process requires the increased activity of mitochondrial ribosomes, potentially activating the function of MRP-L21 in mitochondrial protein synthesis. | ||||||
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $65.00 $319.00 $575.00 $998.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic acid can influence mitochondrial biogenesis and function through its role in cellular differentiation and metabolism. This may enhance the demand for mitochondrial protein synthesis, thereby activating the function of MRP-L21 as part of the mitochondrial ribosome. | ||||||
Resveratrol | 501-36-0 | sc-200808 sc-200808A sc-200808B | 100 mg 500 mg 5 g | $60.00 $185.00 $365.00 | 64 | |
Resveratrol is known to activate SIRT1, which is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Through the activation of SIRT1, resveratrol could promote the activation of MRP-L21 by enhancing mitochondrial protein synthesis requirements. | ||||||