γ-GCSc Activators
The chemical class identified as γ-GCSc activators constitutes a diverse array of compounds strategically designed to modulate the activity of guanosine monophosphate synthetase (γ-GCSc), a pivotal enzyme in guanosine nucleotide biosynthesis. These activators can be broadly categorized into two groups: direct and indirect regulators, each offering unique insights into the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing γ-GCSc function. Direct activators, represented by Methionine, Adenosine, Guanosine, and Guanine, operate by interacting directly with γ-GCSc, thereby supporting the enzyme's essential role in guanosine nucleotide biosynthesis. These compounds play integral roles in the methionine salvage pathway or salvage pathways for purine nucleosides, providing crucial substrates for the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). SAM, acting as a methyl donor, plays a crucial role in the methylation of guanylate kinase, ultimately leading to the activation of γ-GCSc. The direct activation of γ-GCSc by these compounds underscores the importance of specific interactions in regulating the enzyme's activity and, consequently, guanosine nucleotide biosynthesis.
Indirect activators, including Decitabine, 5-Azacytidine, Zebularine, Azathioprine, Thymidine, and 5-Methylthioadenosine, modulate γ-GCSc activity through diverse mechanisms. DNA demethylating agents such as Decitabine and 5-Azacytidine induce demethylation of the γ-GCSc gene, resulting in increased transcription and enhanced enzyme expression. Purine and pyrimidine analogs, including 6-Mercaptopurine, Azathioprine and Thymidine, serve as direct substrates or inhibitors, influencing nucleotide flux and indirectly impacting γ-GCSc activity. The collective actions of these indirect activators illuminate the complex network of regulatory mechanisms governing guanosine nucleotide biosynthesis. In conclusion, the chemical class of γ-GCSc activators offers a rich repertoire of compounds that serve as valuable tools for studying the regulation of guanosine nucleotide biosynthesis. The distinction between direct and indirect activators allows for a detailed exploration of the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing γ-GCSc, contributing to a deeper understanding of its role in cellular processes.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-Methionine | 63-68-3 | sc-394076 sc-394076A sc-394076B sc-394076C sc-394076D sc-394076E | 25 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 5 kg 10 kg | $33.00 $36.00 $56.00 $148.00 $566.00 $1081.00 | ||
Methionine, an essential amino acid, serves as a direct activator of γ-GCSc. As a precursor in the methionine salvage pathway, it supports the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a methyl donor crucial for the methylation of guanylate kinase. This methylation activates γ-GCSc, promoting its role in guanosine nucleotide biosynthesis. Methionine's direct involvement in γ-GCSc activation underscores the significance of amino acid metabolism in regulating purine nucleotide synthesis. | ||||||
5-Aza-2′-Deoxycytidine | 2353-33-5 | sc-202424 sc-202424A sc-202424B | 25 mg 100 mg 250 mg | $214.00 $316.00 $418.00 | 7 | |
Decitabine, a DNA demethylating agent, indirectly activates γ-GCSc. By inhibiting DNA methyltransferases, it promotes demethylation of the γ-GCSc gene, enhancing its transcription. This epigenetic modulation increases γ-GCSc expression, leading to elevated guanosine nucleotide biosynthesis. Decitabine's impact on γ-GCSc regulation provides insights into the interplay between epigenetic modifications and purine nucleotide metabolism. | ||||||
6-Mercaptopurine | 50-44-2 | sc-361087 sc-361087A | 50 mg 100 mg | $71.00 $102.00 | ||
6-Mercaptopurine, a purine analog, directly activates γ-GCSc by serving as a substrate for the enzyme. Incorporation of 6-mercaptopurine into the growing nucleotide chain during synthesis stimulates the catalytic activity of γ-GCSc. This direct interaction highlights the importance of purine analogs as modulators of key enzymes in nucleotide biosynthesis pathways. 6-Mercaptopurine's role as a direct activator provides a tool for studying γ-GCSc function and its impact on nucleotide metabolism. | ||||||
5-Azacytidine | 320-67-2 | sc-221003 | 500 mg | $280.00 | 4 | |
5-Azacytidine, a nucleoside analog, indirectly activates γ-GCSc through DNA demethylation. By inhibiting DNA methyltransferases, it induces demethylation of the γ-GCSc gene, facilitating increased transcription. This epigenetic modulation enhances γ-GCSc expression, leading to elevated guanosine nucleotide biosynthesis. 5-Azacytidine's impact on γ-GCSc regulation sheds light on the interconnected roles of nucleoside analogs and epigenetic modifications in purine nucleotide metabolism. | ||||||
Adenosine | 58-61-7 | sc-291838 sc-291838A sc-291838B sc-291838C sc-291838D sc-291838E sc-291838F | 1 g 5 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 5 kg 10 kg | $33.00 $47.00 $294.00 $561.00 $1020.00 $2550.00 $4590.00 | 1 | |
Adenosine, a purine nucleoside, serves as a direct activator of γ-GCSc. By entering the salvage pathway, adenosine supports the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a methyl donor crucial for guanylate kinase methylation. This methylation activates γ-GCSc, promoting its role in guanosine nucleotide biosynthesis. Adenosine's direct involvement in γ-GCSc activation underscores the intricate connections between purine nucleotide metabolism and the methionine salvage pathway. | ||||||
Thymidine | 50-89-5 | sc-296542 sc-296542A sc-296542C sc-296542D sc-296542E sc-296542B | 1 g 5 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 25 g | $48.00 $72.00 $265.00 $449.00 $1724.00 $112.00 | 16 | |
Thymidine, a pyrimidine nucleoside, indirectly activates γ-GCSc by supporting DNA synthesis. As a component of DNA, thymidine promotes the generation of substrates for γ-GCSc, indirectly enhancing guanosine nucleotide biosynthesis. This role in nucleotide metabolism highlights thymidine's impact on γ-GCSc regulation and its contribution to the intricate network of pathways governing purine and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. | ||||||
Guanosine | 118-00-3 | sc-218575 sc-218575A sc-218575B sc-218575C sc-218575D | 5 g 25 g 250 g 1 kg 5 kg | $39.00 $49.00 $82.00 $245.00 $1081.00 | ||
Guanosine, a purine nucleoside, serves as a direct activator of γ-GCSc. By entering the salvage pathway, guanosine supports the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a methyl donor crucial for guanylate kinase methylation. This methylation activates γ-GCSc, promoting its role in guanosine nucleotide biosynthesis. Guanosine's direct involvement in γ-GCSc activation underscores the integral connections between purine nucleotide metabolism and the methionine salvage pathway. | ||||||
Zebularine | 3690-10-6 | sc-203315 sc-203315A sc-203315B | 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $126.00 $278.00 $984.00 | 3 | |
Zebularine, a DNA demethylating agent, indirectly activates γ-GCSc. By inhibiting DNA methyltransferases, it induces demethylation of the γ-GCSc gene, enhancing its transcription. This epigenetic modulation increases γ-GCSc expression, leading to elevated guanosine nucleotide biosynthesis. Zebularine's impact on γ-GCSc regulation provides insights into the interplay between nucleoside analogs, epigenetic modifications, and purine nucleotide metabolism. | ||||||
Azathioprine | 446-86-6 | sc-210853D sc-210853 sc-210853A sc-210853B sc-210853C | 500 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g 10 g | $199.00 $173.00 $342.00 $495.00 $690.00 | 1 | |
Azathioprine, a prodrug converted to 6-mercaptopurine, directly activates γ-GCSc as a substrate. Its conversion to 6-mercaptopurine incorporates the analog into the growing nucleotide chain during synthesis, stimulating the catalytic activity of γ-GCSc. Azathioprine's role as a direct activator highlights the significance of prodrugs and their metabolites in modulating key enzymes involved in nucleotide biosynthesis pathways. | ||||||
Guanine | 73-40-5 | sc-211573 | 25 g | $21.00 | ||
Guanine, a purine base, serves as a direct activator of γ-GCSc. By entering the salvage pathway, guanine supports the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a methyl donor crucial for guanylate kinase methylation. This methylation activates γ-GCSc, promoting its role in guanosine nucleotide biosynthesis. Guanine's direct involvement in γ-GCSc activation underscores the fundamental connections between purine nucleotide metabolism and the methionine salvage pathway. | ||||||