FUNDC2 Activators
The enhancement of FUNDC2 activity is facilitated through various biochemical mechanisms mediated by specific chemical activators, each targeting distinct signaling pathways or cellular processes. Forskolin, for instance, increases intracellular cAMP levels, which can lead to the phosphorylation of proteins that are within the same signaling cascade as FUNDC2, thereby potentially augmenting FUNDC2's role in mitochondrial association and apoptosis. Similarly, AICAR's activation of AMPK leads to the modification of downstream targets that may interact with FUNDC2, promoting processes such as mitochondrial tethering to the endoplasmic reticulum where FUNDC2 is implicated. Resveratrol and Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), through the activation of SIRT1, lead to the deacetylation of proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics, thus enabling FUNDC2 to better regulate mitochondrial function and mitophagy. SRT1720, another SIRT1 activator, follows a similar route of enhancing FUNDC2 activity. Lithium's inhibition of GSK-3 may stabilize factors influencing mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy, while Pioglitazone and Z-Ligustilide, both PPAR-γ agonists, could induce effects that promote mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion, processes that are likely to augment FUNDC2's functional activity.
Further, Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) activates PPAR-α, a regulator of mitochondrial function, suggesting another potential path to enhance FUNDC2 activity. Similarly, the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Azacytidine might lead to altered gene expression profiles that favor FUNDC2's role in mitochondrial dynamics. Oltipraz, by activating Nrf2, induces the expression of genes that contribute to mitochondrial integrity and could, therefore, support FUNDC2's activity under oxidative stress conditions. These chemical activators collectively function to potentiate FUNDC2 through various pathways, from mitochondrial dynamics to apoptosis regulation, without the need to upregulate expression or directly interact with the protein, exemplifying the complexity and interconnectivity of cellular signaling mechanisms and their ability to converge on a single protein to enhance its activity.
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Items 1 to 10 of 11 total
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin is a labdane diterpenoid that activates adenylate cyclase, leading to an increase in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). Elevated cAMP levels can enhance the activity of FUNDC2 by promoting the phosphorylation of proteins within the same signaling pathways, thereby potentially increasing the functional activity of FUNDC2. | ||||||
AICAR | 2627-69-2 | sc-200659 sc-200659A sc-200659B | 50 mg 250 mg 1 g | $60.00 $270.00 $350.00 | 48 | |
AICAR, or 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide, is an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Activation of AMPK can lead to the phosphorylation of downstream targets that may interact with FUNDC2, thereby enhancing its function related to mitochondrial association and apoptosis regulation. | ||||||
Resveratrol | 501-36-0 | sc-200808 sc-200808A sc-200808B | 100 mg 500 mg 5 g | $60.00 $185.00 $365.00 | 64 | |
Resveratrol is a natural phenol found in red wine known for activating SIRT1, a member of the sirtuin family of proteins. SIRT1 activation can lead to deacetylation of proteins that modulate mitochondrial function and dynamics, processes in which FUNDC2 is involved. This could result in enhanced activity of FUNDC2 by optimizing mitochondrial associations. | ||||||
Metformin | 657-24-9 | sc-507370 | 10 mg | $77.00 | 2 | |
Metformin is an antidiabetic drug that activates AMPK. AMPK activation can lead to altered mitochondrial function and dynamics, potentially affecting the activity of FUNDC2 by promoting pathways that enhance mitochondrial tethering to the endoplasmic reticulum, a process in which FUNDC2 has been implicated. | ||||||
β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide | 1094-61-7 | sc-212376 sc-212376A sc-212376B sc-212376C sc-212376D | 25 mg 100 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $92.00 $269.00 $337.00 $510.00 $969.00 | 4 | |
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a precursor to NAD+ and can enhance SIRT1 activity. Increased SIRT1 activity can lead to deacetylation of proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics, potentially enhancing the activity of FUNDC2 in processes such as mitophagy and apoptosis. | ||||||
SRT1720 | 1001645-58-4 | sc-364624 sc-364624A | 5 mg 10 mg | $193.00 $357.00 | 13 | |
SRT1720 is a specific activator of SIRT1. Through SIRT1 activation, it can lead to deacetylation of proteins that are involved in mitochondrial function, which may indirectly enhance the activity of FUNDC2 in mitochondrial association and regulation of apoptosis. | ||||||
Lithium | 7439-93-2 | sc-252954 | 50 g | $214.00 | ||
Lithium is known to inhibit glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). Inhibition of GSK-3 can lead to the stabilization and activation of factors that modulate mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy, processes in which FUNDC2 has been implicated, thereby potentially enhancing the activity of FUNDC2. | ||||||
Pioglitazone | 111025-46-8 | sc-202289 sc-202289A | 1 mg 5 mg | $54.00 $123.00 | 13 | |
Pioglitazone is a PPAR-γ agonist. Activation of PPAR-γ can influence mitochondrial biogenesis and function, potentially enhancing FUNDC2 activity by promoting mitochondrial fusion and tethering to the endoplasmic reticulum. | ||||||
Palmitoylethanolamide | 544-31-0 | sc-202754 sc-202754A sc-202754B sc-202754C sc-202754D | 10 mg 50 mg 500 mg 1 g 10 g | $78.00 $238.00 $2050.00 $3274.00 $16330.00 | ||
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), which can influence mitochondrial function and dynamics. Enhanced mitochondrial function can lead to an indirect increase in the activity of FUNDC2. | ||||||
5-Azacytidine | 320-67-2 | sc-221003 | 500 mg | $280.00 | 4 | |
5-Azacytidine is a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, which can lead to the hypomethylation of DNA and potentially affect the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics. Through this mechanism, the activity of FUNDC2 could be indirectly enhanced if it leads to changes in the expression of proteins within FUNDC2-related pathways. | ||||||