FUNDC1 Activators
The class of chemicals referred to as FUNDC1 Activators encompasses a range of compounds and agents that can influence the activation and function of FUNDC1, a critical protein involved in the regulation of mitophagy, a selective process of autophagy that targets damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria for degradation. FUNDC1 is primarily associated with the outer mitochondrial membrane and plays a pivotal role in mediating the recognition of damaged mitochondria and their subsequent engulfment by autophagosomes.
Mitochondrial depolarization agents like CCCP (Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazine) and FCCP (Carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone) are examples of FUNDC1 activators within this class. These chemicals disrupt the mitochondrial membrane potential, a hallmark of damaged mitochondria, leading to the activation of FUNDC1 as part of the cellular response to mitochondrial stress. Similarly, inhibitors of mitochondrial complexes, such as rotenone and antimycin A, can indirectly activate FUNDC1 by causing mitochondrial dysfunction and promoting mitophagy. Furthermore, agents like AICAR and metformin can activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. AMPK activation can stimulate mitophagy by modulating mitochondrial function, potentially influencing FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy. Rapamycin and resveratrol are known to activate autophagy, including mitophagy processes, and may indirectly impact FUNDC1-related mitophagy. Melatonin, with its antioxidant and mitochondrial protective properties, has also been implicated in mitophagy regulation, potentially influencing FUNDC1-mediated processes.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenylhydrazone | 555-60-2 | sc-202984A sc-202984 sc-202984B | 100 mg 250 mg 500 mg | $77.00 $153.00 $240.00 | 8 | |
CCCP is a mitochondrial uncoupler that can induce mitochondrial depolarization and mitophagy. It disrupts the mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to the activation of FUNDC1 and subsequent mitophagy. | ||||||
Oligomycin A | 579-13-5 | sc-201551 sc-201551A sc-201551B sc-201551C sc-201551D | 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg 500 mg 1 g | $179.00 $612.00 $1203.00 $5202.00 $9364.00 | 26 | |
Oligomycin inhibits ATP synthase, leading to reduced ATP production and mitochondrial stress. This disruption can trigger mitophagy by indirectly activating FUNDC1 as a response to mitochondrial damage. | ||||||
Rotenone | 83-79-4 | sc-203242 sc-203242A | 1 g 5 g | $89.00 $259.00 | 41 | |
Rotenone is a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor that can induce mitochondrial dysfunction. This disruption of mitochondrial function can activate mitophagy, possibly involving FUNDC1. | ||||||
Antimycin A | 1397-94-0 | sc-202467 sc-202467A sc-202467B sc-202467C | 5 mg 10 mg 1 g 3 g | $55.00 $63.00 $1675.00 $4692.00 | 51 | |
Antimycin A is a mitochondrial complex III inhibitor that disrupts the electron transport chain. This disruption can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and the activation of mitophagy, potentially involving FUNDC1. | ||||||
FCCP | 370-86-5 | sc-203578 sc-203578A | 10 mg 50 mg | $94.00 $355.00 | 46 | |
FCCP is another mitochondrial uncoupler that induces mitochondrial depolarization. This disruption can lead to the activation of mitophagy, potentially involving FUNDC1. | ||||||
AICAR | 2627-69-2 | sc-200659 sc-200659A sc-200659B | 50 mg 250 mg 1 g | $65.00 $280.00 $400.00 | 48 | |
AICAR is an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which can stimulate mitophagy by indirectly modulating mitochondrial function. AMPK activation may influence FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy. | ||||||
Metformin-d6, Hydrochloride | 1185166-01-1 | sc-218701 sc-218701A sc-218701B | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg | $292.00 $822.00 $1540.00 | 1 | |
Metformin is an AMPK activator used in diabetes treatment in controlled environments. AMPK activation by metformin can lead to mitophagy, potentially involving FUNDC1. | ||||||
Rapamycin | 53123-88-9 | sc-3504 sc-3504A sc-3504B | 1 mg 5 mg 25 mg | $63.00 $158.00 $326.00 | 233 | |
Rapamycin activates autophagy, which can include mitophagy processes. Indirectly, it may influence FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy. | ||||||
Resveratrol | 501-36-0 | sc-200808 sc-200808A sc-200808B | 100 mg 500 mg 5 g | $80.00 $220.00 $460.00 | 64 | |
Resveratrol is an activator of SIRT1, a deacetylase that can modulate mitochondrial function and mitophagy. SIRT1 activation by resveratrol may indirectly influence FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy. | ||||||
Melatonin | 73-31-4 | sc-207848 sc-207848A sc-207848B sc-207848C sc-207848D sc-207848E | 1 g 5 g 25 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg | $65.00 $73.00 $218.00 $697.00 $1196.00 $3574.00 | 16 | |
Melatonin has been implicated in mitophagy regulation through its antioxidant and mitochondrial protective properties. It may indirectly impact FUNDC1-related mitophagy processes. | ||||||