β-defensin 11 Activators
β-Defensin 11, a vital component of the innate immune system, serves as a key player in the host defense against microbial threats. Functioning as an antimicrobial peptide, it acts by disrupting the integrity of microbial membranes, exerting a direct and potent bactericidal effect. Beyond its direct antimicrobial properties, β-defensin 11 also contributes to the modulation of the immune response by interacting with various cellular processes. The activation of β-defensin 11 involves intricate cellular pathways and biochemical mechanisms. Several chemicals, including kaempferol, trichostatin A, luteolin, sulforaphane, curcumin, sodium butyrate, genistein, resveratrol, 5-azacytidine, alpha-lipoic acid, quercetin, and diallyl disulfide, have been identified as activators. These compounds act through diverse pathways, such as NF-κB, histone deacetylation, AP-1, Nrf2/ARE, and DNA methylation, influencing chromatin remodeling, transcription factor activity, and epigenetic modifications. By directly or indirectly affecting these pathways, these chemicals enhance the transcriptional activity of the DEFB11 gene, leading to increased β-defensin 11 expression.
The activation of β-defensin 11 not only reinforces the immediate defense against microbial invaders but also reflects the sophisticated interplay between the innate immune system and various cellular signaling cascades. Understanding the specific pathways involved in β-defensin 11 activation provides insights into potential strategies for enhancing the innate immune response, with implications for host defense and immune modulation.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kaempferol | 520-18-3 | sc-202679 sc-202679A sc-202679B | 25 mg 100 mg 1 g | $99.00 $216.00 $510.00 | 11 | |
Kaempferol activates β-defensin 11 by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. It suppresses IκB kinase activity, preventing IκB degradation and subsequent NF-κB nuclear translocation. This down-regulation of NF-κB alleviates its suppression on DEFB11 transcription, leading to enhanced β-defensin 11 expression with implications for antimicrobial defense. | ||||||
Trichostatin A | 58880-19-6 | sc-3511 sc-3511A sc-3511B sc-3511C sc-3511D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 50 mg | $152.00 $479.00 $632.00 $1223.00 $2132.00 | 33 | |
Trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, directly activates β-defensin 11. By inhibiting histone deacetylation, it promotes an open chromatin structure in the DEFB11 promoter region, facilitating increased transcription. This epigenetic modulation results in elevated β-defensin 11 expression, contributing to innate immunity against microbial threats. | ||||||
Luteolin | 491-70-3 | sc-203119 sc-203119A sc-203119B sc-203119C sc-203119D | 5 mg 50 mg 500 mg 5 g 500 g | $27.00 $51.00 $101.00 $153.00 $1925.00 | 40 | |
Luteolin activates β-defensin 11 by modulating the AP-1 pathway. It inhibits c-Fos and c-Jun activation, suppressing AP-1 transcriptional activity. As a consequence, the negative regulation on DEFB11 expression is alleviated, leading to increased β-defensin 11 synthesis with antimicrobial implications. | ||||||
D,L-Sulforaphane | 4478-93-7 | sc-207495A sc-207495B sc-207495C sc-207495 sc-207495E sc-207495D | 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 1 g 10 g 250 mg | $153.00 $292.00 $489.00 $1325.00 $8465.00 $933.00 | 22 | |
Sulforaphane activates β-defensin 11 through the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway. By promoting Nrf2 release from Keap1 inhibition, it facilitates Nrf2 translocation and binding to the DEFB11 promoter's ARE element. This up-regulation reinforces the antimicrobial function of β-defensin 11. | ||||||
Curcumin | 458-37-7 | sc-200509 sc-200509A sc-200509B sc-200509C sc-200509D sc-200509F sc-200509E | 1 g 5 g 25 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 2.5 kg | $37.00 $69.00 $109.00 $218.00 $239.00 $879.00 $1968.00 | 47 | |
Curcumin activates β-defensin 11 by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. It impedes IκB kinase activity, preventing IκB degradation and subsequent NF-κB nuclear translocation. This down-regulation of NF-κB alleviates its suppression on DEFB11 transcription, leading to enhanced β-defensin 11 expression with implications for antimicrobial defense. | ||||||
Sodium Butyrate | 156-54-7 | sc-202341 sc-202341B sc-202341A sc-202341C | 250 mg 5 g 25 g 500 g | $31.00 $47.00 $84.00 $222.00 | 19 | |
Sodium butyrate, similar to butyrate, serves as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, promoting DEFB11 transcription. By inhibiting histone deacetylation, it allows for an open chromatin conformation in the DEFB11 promoter region, facilitating increased expression of β-defensin 11 and enhancing the innate immune response. | ||||||
Genistein | 446-72-0 | sc-3515 sc-3515A sc-3515B sc-3515C sc-3515D sc-3515E sc-3515F | 100 mg 500 mg 1 g 5 g 10 g 25 g 100 g | $45.00 $164.00 $200.00 $402.00 $575.00 $981.00 $2031.00 | 46 | |
Genistein indirectly activates β-defensin 11 by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway. It hinders Akt phosphorylation, relieving its inhibition on FoxO3a. This allows FoxO3a to bind to the DEFB11 promoter, promoting transcription. This indirect activation leads to increased β-defensin 11 expression, bolstering the innate immune response. | ||||||
Resveratrol | 501-36-0 | sc-200808 sc-200808A sc-200808B | 100 mg 500 mg 5 g | $80.00 $220.00 $460.00 | 64 | |
Resveratrol activates β-defensin 11 indirectly by modulating the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Acting as an antioxidant, it enhances Nrf2 translocation, promoting its binding to the ARE element in the DEFB11 promoter. This up-regulation of β-defensin 11 contributes to antimicrobial defense. | ||||||
5-Azacytidine | 320-67-2 | sc-221003 | 500 mg | $280.00 | 4 | |
5-Azacytidine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, directly activates β-defensin 11. By demethylating the DEFB11 promoter region, it alleviates epigenetic repression, allowing for enhanced transcription. This epigenetic modulation results in increased β-defensin 11 expression, contributing to innate immunity against microbial threats. | ||||||
α-Lipoic Acid | 1077-28-7 | sc-202032 sc-202032A sc-202032B sc-202032C sc-202032D | 5 g 10 g 250 g 500 g 1 kg | $69.00 $122.00 $212.00 $380.00 $716.00 | 3 | |
Alpha-lipoic acid activates β-defensin 11 through the Nrf2/ARE pathway. As an antioxidant, it promotes Nrf2 release from Keap1 inhibition, facilitating its translocation to the DEFB11 promoter's ARE element. This up-regulation strengthens the antimicrobial function of β-defensin 11. | ||||||