β-defensin 10 Activators
β-Defensin 10, a crucial component of the innate immune system, plays a pivotal role in host defense against microbial threats. Positioned at the front line of defense, this antimicrobial peptide acts by disrupting the integrity of microbial membranes, exerting a direct and potent bactericidal effect. Beyond its direct antimicrobial properties, β-defensin 10 also contributes to the modulation of the immune response by interacting with various cellular processes. The activation of β-defensin 10 involves intricate cellular pathways and biochemical mechanisms. Several chemicals, including resveratrol, butyrate, curcumin, sulforaphane, quercetin, 5-azacytidine, diallyl disulfide, linalool, sodium butyrate, alpha-lipoic acid, genistein, and baicalein, have been identified as activators. These compounds act through diverse pathways, such as Nrf2/ARE, NF-κB, AP-1, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK, influencing chromatin remodeling, transcription factor activity, and epigenetic modifications. By directly or indirectly affecting these pathways, these chemicals enhance the transcriptional activity of the DEFB10 gene, leading to increased β-defensin 10 expression.
The activation of β-defensin 10 not only reinforces the immediate defense against microbial invaders but also reflects the sophisticated interplay between the innate immune system and various cellular signaling cascades. Understanding the specific pathways involved in β-defensin 10 activation provides insights into potential strategies for enhancing the innate immune response, with implications for host defense and immune modulation.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Resveratrol | 501-36-0 | sc-200808 sc-200808A sc-200808B | 100 mg 500 mg 5 g | $60.00 $185.00 $365.00 | 64 | |
Resveratrol activates β-defensin 10 indirectly by modulating the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Acting as an antioxidant, it enhances Nrf2 translocation, promoting its binding to the ARE element in the DEFB10 promoter. This up-regulation of β-defensin 10 contributes to antimicrobial defense. | ||||||
Butyric acid | 107-92-6 | sc-214640 sc-214640A | 1 kg 10 kg | $63.00 $174.00 | ||
Butyric acid, a short-chain fatty acid, serves as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, influencing chromatin remodeling. By acetylating histones associated with DEFB10 gene, it enhances its transcription. This direct activation mechanism promotes the synthesis of β-defensin 10, augmenting the innate immune response. | ||||||
Curcumin | 458-37-7 | sc-200509 sc-200509A sc-200509B sc-200509C sc-200509D sc-200509F sc-200509E | 1 g 5 g 25 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 2.5 kg | $36.00 $68.00 $107.00 $214.00 $234.00 $862.00 $1968.00 | 47 | |
Curcumin activates β-defensin 10 by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. It impedes IκB kinase activity, preventing IκB degradation and subsequent NF-κB nuclear translocation. This down-regulation of NF-κB alleviates its suppression on DEFB10 transcription, leading to enhanced β-defensin 10 expression with antimicrobial implications. | ||||||
D,L-Sulforaphane | 4478-93-7 | sc-207495A sc-207495B sc-207495C sc-207495 sc-207495E sc-207495D | 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 1 g 10 g 250 mg | $150.00 $286.00 $479.00 $1299.00 $8299.00 $915.00 | 22 | |
Sulforaphane activates β-defensin 10 through the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway. By promoting Nrf2 release from Keap1 inhibition, it facilitates Nrf2 translocation and binding to the DEFB10 promoter's ARE element. This up-regulation reinforces the antimicrobial function of β-defensin 10. | ||||||
Quercetin | 117-39-5 | sc-206089 sc-206089A sc-206089E sc-206089C sc-206089D sc-206089B | 100 mg 500 mg 100 g 250 g 1 kg 25 g | $11.00 $17.00 $108.00 $245.00 $918.00 $49.00 | 33 | |
Quercetin indirectly activates β-defensin 10 by modulating the AP-1 pathway. It inhibits c-Fos and c-Jun activation, suppressing AP-1 transcriptional activity. As a consequence, the negative regulation on DEFB10 expression is alleviated, leading to increased β-defensin 10 synthesis with antimicrobial consequences. | ||||||
5-Azacytidine | 320-67-2 | sc-221003 | 500 mg | $280.00 | 4 | |
5-Azacytidine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, directly activates β-defensin 10. By demethylating the DEFB10 promoter region, it alleviates epigenetic repression, allowing for enhanced transcription. This epigenetic modulation results in increased β-defensin 10 expression, contributing to innate immunity against microbial threats. | ||||||
Allyl disulfide | 2179-57-9 | sc-252359 | 25 g | $78.00 | ||
Allyl disulfide activates β-defensin 10 by influencing the MAPK pathway. It enhances ERK1/2 phosphorylation, positively regulating AP-1, which binds to the DEFB10 promoter. This leads to increased transcription of β-defensin 10, fortifying the antimicrobial defense mechanism. | ||||||
Linalool | 78-70-6 | sc-250250 sc-250250A sc-250250B | 5 g 100 g 500 g | $46.00 $71.00 $108.00 | ||
Linalool activates β-defensin 10 by modulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Through Akt activation, it enhances the phosphorylation of FoxO3a, relieving its inhibition on DEFB10 transcription. This direct activation results in increased β-defensin 10 expression, reinforcing the innate immune response against microbial threats. | ||||||
Sodium Butyrate | 156-54-7 | sc-202341 sc-202341B sc-202341A sc-202341C | 250 mg 5 g 25 g 500 g | $30.00 $46.00 $82.00 $218.00 | 19 | |
Sodium butyrate, similar to butyrate, serves as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, promoting DEFB10 transcription. By inhibiting histone deacetylation, it allows for an open chromatin conformation in the DEFB10 promoter region, facilitating increased expression of β-defensin 10 and enhancing the innate immune response. | ||||||
α-Lipoic Acid | 1077-28-7 | sc-202032 sc-202032A sc-202032B sc-202032C sc-202032D | 5 g 10 g 250 g 500 g 1 kg | $68.00 $120.00 $208.00 $373.00 $702.00 | 3 | |
Alpha-lipoic acid activates β-defensin 10 through the Nrf2/ARE pathway. As an antioxidant, it promotes Nrf2 release from Keap1 inhibition, facilitating its translocation to the DEFB10 promoter's ARE element. This up-regulation strengthens the antimicrobial function of β-defensin 10. | ||||||