TSR3 Activators
The chemical class of TSR3 activators encompasses a diverse array of molecules that modulate TSR3 activity by targeting cellular pathways involved in protein folding and ER stress response. These activators exert their effects by promoting protein folding, reducing ER stress, and enhancing cellular protein quality control mechanisms. Thapsigargin and tunicamycin, for example, activate TSR3 indirectly by inducing ER stress through the inhibition of calcium pumps and glycosylation, respectively. This ER stress triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), leading to the upregulation of TSR3 expression and its involvement in protein folding within the ER.
Additionally, chemical chaperones such as 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) and sodium 4-phenylbutyrate activate TSR3 by assisting in protein folding and trafficking within the ER, thereby reducing ER stress and allowing TSR3 to function optimally. Other activators like geldanamycin and MG-132 activate TSR3 by targeting protein quality control mechanisms, such as the inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and the proteasome, respectively, leading to the upregulation of TSR3 expression and its involvement in protein folding and degradation processes. Overall, TSR3 activators play crucial roles in maintaining protein homeostasis and cellular function by regulating protein folding and ER stress response pathways.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $136.00 $446.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin activates TSR3 by inhibiting the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pump, leading to the depletion of endoplasmic reticulum calcium stores. This depletion triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), which upregulates TSR3 expression and promotes its activation. | ||||||
Tunicamycin | 11089-65-9 | sc-3506A sc-3506 | 5 mg 10 mg | $172.00 $305.00 | 66 | |
Tunicamycin activates TSR3 by inhibiting N-linked glycosylation, leading to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), which induces the expression of chaperones and folding enzymes, including TSR3, to alleviate ER stress. | ||||||
4-Phenylbutyric acid | 1821-12-1 | sc-232961 sc-232961A sc-232961B | 25 g 100 g 500 g | $53.00 $136.00 $418.00 | 10 | |
4-PBA activates TSR3 by acting as a chemical chaperone that facilitates protein folding and trafficking in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). By promoting proper protein folding, 4-PBA reduces ER stress and prevents the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), allowing TSR3 to function optimally. | ||||||
Geldanamycin | 30562-34-6 | sc-200617B sc-200617C sc-200617 sc-200617A | 100 µg 500 µg 1 mg 5 mg | $39.00 $59.00 $104.00 $206.00 | 8 | |
Geldanamycin activates TSR3 by inhibiting heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a molecular chaperone involved in protein folding and stabilization. Inhibition of HSP90 leads to the destabilization of client proteins, triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR) and upregulation of TSR3 expression to promote protein folding. | ||||||
Sodium phenylbutyrate | 1716-12-7 | sc-200652 sc-200652A sc-200652B sc-200652C sc-200652D | 1 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg 10 kg | $77.00 $166.00 $622.00 $5004.00 $32783.00 | 43 | |
Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate activates TSR3 by serving as a chemical chaperone that assists in protein folding and trafficking within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). By enhancing protein folding capacity, sodium 4-phenylbutyrate reduces ER stress and prevents UPR activation, allowing TSR3 to function effectively. | ||||||
Salubrinal | 405060-95-9 | sc-202332 sc-202332A | 1 mg 5 mg | $34.00 $104.00 | 87 | |
Salubrinal activates TSR3 by inhibiting the dephosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α), leading to the attenuation of protein synthesis and reducing the load of nascent proteins entering the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This alleviates ER stress and promotes TSR3-mediated protein folding. | ||||||
Valproic Acid | 99-66-1 | sc-213144 | 10 g | $87.00 | 9 | |
Valproic acid activates TSR3 by modulating histone acetylation, which regulates gene expression including TSR3. By increasing histone acetylation, valproic acid promotes the transcription of TSR3, leading to enhanced expression and activity of the protein involved in protein folding within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). | ||||||
MG-132 [Z-Leu- Leu-Leu-CHO] | 133407-82-6 | sc-201270 sc-201270A sc-201270B | 5 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $60.00 $265.00 $1000.00 | 163 | |
MG-132 activates TSR3 by inhibiting the proteasome, the cellular machinery responsible for protein degradation. Inhibition of proteasome activity leads to the accumulation of misfolded proteins, triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR) and upregulation of TSR3 expression to promote protein folding and alleviate ER stress. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $55.00 $131.00 $203.00 $317.00 | 23 | |
A23187 activates TSR3 by inducing calcium release from intracellular stores, which triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR) due to ER calcium depletion. This activates signaling pathways leading to the upregulation of TSR3 expression and its involvement in protein folding within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). | ||||||
N-Acetyl-L-cysteine | 616-91-1 | sc-202232 sc-202232A sc-202232C sc-202232B | 5 g 25 g 1 kg 100 g | $34.00 $74.00 $270.00 $114.00 | 34 | |
N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) activates TSR3 by serving as a precursor for glutathione synthesis, a potent antioxidant that mitigates oxidative stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). By reducing oxidative damage, NAC prevents ER stress-induced activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and supports TSR3-mediated protein folding. | ||||||