ZP4 Activators
ZP4 Activators consist of chemical compounds that indirectly enhance the functional activity of ZP4, each targeting specific cellular signaling mechanisms. Forskolin and IBMX, through their effects on cAMP levels, facilitate the activation of protein kinase A (PKA), which is a kinase that can phosphorylate ZP4 or its related proteins, thereby escalating its sperm-binding efficiency and its structural role in the zona pellucida. PMA, as a PKC activator, and A23187, which increases intracellular calcium levels, also trigger kinase pathways that could lead to the phosphorylation of ZP4, enhancing its biological activity in gamete interaction and fertilization processes. L-Arginine and Sodium Nitroprusside, by increasing nitric oxide production, and Sildenafil Citrate, by inhibiting PDE5, elevate cGMP levels, which could indirectly enhance ZP4 activity through cGMP-dependent protein kinases that might phosphorylate ZP4 or regulate proteins closely associated with ZP4 function.
These activators, including Zaprinast and the cGMP analog 8-Br-cGMP, act on similar cGMP-dependent mechanisms, suggesting a role for ZP4 in processes influenced by cGMP signaling. The use of cAMP and cGMP analogs, 8-Br-cAMP and 8-Br-cGMP, provides resistance to degradation by respective phosphodiesterases, thus sustaining PKA and PKG activation that may enhance ZP4-mediated zona pellucida formation and sperm-binding capabilities. Additionally, Y-27632 and LY294002 modulate the actin cytoskeleton through ROCK inhibition and the PI3K/Akt pathway, respectively, which could lead to downstream effects enhancing ZP4 activity.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin activates adenylate cyclase, leading to an increase in intracellular cAMP levels. Elevated cAMP activates PKA (protein kinase A), which can phosphorylate ZP4, thereby enhancing its sperm-binding and zona pellucida formation activities. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $159.00 $315.00 $598.00 | 34 | |
IBMX is a nonspecific inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, which increases intracellular cAMP by preventing its breakdown. This supports PKA activation, indirectly promoting the phosphorylation and functional activation of ZP4. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates protein kinase C (PKC), which can phosphorylate substrates including ZP4 or proteins associated with ZP4 function, enhancing ZP4's role in the zona pellucida structure and its sperm-binding capacity. | ||||||
L-Arginine | 74-79-3 | sc-391657B sc-391657 sc-391657A sc-391657C sc-391657D | 5 g 25 g 100 g 500 g 1 kg | $20.00 $30.00 $60.00 $215.00 $345.00 | 2 | |
L-Arginine serves as a substrate for nitric oxide synthase, leading to the production of nitric oxide (NO). NO can activate guanylate cyclase, increasing cGMP levels, which may enhance ZP4-mediated processes through cGMP-dependent kinases. | ||||||
Sodium nitroprusside dihydrate | 13755-38-9 | sc-203395 sc-203395A sc-203395B | 1 g 5 g 100 g | $42.00 $83.00 $155.00 | 7 | |
Sodium Nitroprusside releases NO, which activates guanylate cyclase, increasing cGMP levels. This elevation can indirectly enhance ZP4 function by cGMP-dependent protein kinases that could phosphorylate ZP4 or associated regulatory proteins. | ||||||
Zaprinast (M&B 22948) | 37762-06-4 | sc-201206 sc-201206A | 25 mg 100 mg | $103.00 $245.00 | 8 | |
Zaprinast is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), leading to an increase in cGMP levels, which could indirectly support ZP4 activation via cGMP-dependent protein kinases that influence ZP4 function. | ||||||
8-Bromo-cAMP | 76939-46-3 | sc-201564 sc-201564A | 10 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $224.00 | 30 | |
8-Br-cAMP is a cAMP analog that resists degradation by phosphodiesterases, leading to PKA activation. PKA, in turn, may phosphorylate ZP4, thus enhancing its functional role in the zona pellucida. | ||||||
8-Bromo-cGMP | 51116-01-9 | sc-200316 sc-200316A | 10 mg 50 mg | $102.00 $347.00 | 7 | |
8-Br-cGMP is a cGMP analog that activates cGMP-dependent protein kinases. These kinases may indirectly enhance ZP4's function in the zona pellucida formation and sperm-binding. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $54.00 $128.00 $199.00 $311.00 | 23 | |
A23187 is an ionophore that increases intracellular calcium levels, which can activate calcium-dependent protein kinases. These kinases could then phosphorylate ZP4 or associated proteins, enhancing ZP4's functional activity. | ||||||
Y-27632, free base | 146986-50-7 | sc-3536 sc-3536A | 5 mg 50 mg | $182.00 $693.00 | 88 | |
Y-27632 is an inhibitor of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK). Inhibition of ROCK can lead to changes in the cytoskeleton and cell shape, potentially affecting the cellular processes in which ZP4 is involved, thereby enhancing its activity. | ||||||