YPEL4 Activators
YPEL4 engage a variety of signaling pathways to modulate its activity. Forskolin, known for its direct activation of adenylate cyclase, plays a pivotal role in the elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. This surge in cAMP is a crucial signal that leads to the activation of protein kinase A (PKA), which then acts on YPEL4 by phosphorylating it, thereby enhancing its activity. Similarly, Isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, and PGE2, through its interaction with G-protein coupled receptors, both stimulate adenylate cyclase, which in turn increases cAMP production and subsequently activates PKA. The activated PKA may phosphorylate YPEL4, resulting in its activation.
IBMX and Rolipram, by inhibiting phosphodiesterases, prevent cAMP degradation, thereby sustaining PKA activity and promoting the phosphorylation and activation of YPEL4. Anisomycin, although it operates through a different mechanism as a protein synthesis inhibitor, leads to the activation of stress-activated protein kinases, which may indirectly lead to the activation of YPEL4. Epinephrine and Terbutaline, both engaging adrenergic receptors, stimulate adenylate cyclase to increase cAMP and consequently activate PKA, which then targets YPEL4. PMA, acting through protein kinase C, and Ionomycin, by raising intracellular calcium levels, activate different kinases, which could also converge on the phosphorylation and activation of YPEL4. BAY 60-6583 and Cilostazol both amplify adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP levels, reinforcing the PKA signaling cascade and promoting the phosphorylation and consequent activation of YPEL4. These chemical activators, through their distinct but often intersecting pathways, regulate the phosphorylation state and activity of YPEL4, delineating a complex network of intracellular signals that converge on this protein.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $28.00 $38.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol is a beta-adrenergic agonist that stimulates adenylate cyclase activity, thus increasing cAMP production. The subsequent activation of PKA can lead to the phosphorylation and activation of YPEL4. | ||||||
PGE2 | 363-24-6 | sc-201225 sc-201225C sc-201225A sc-201225B | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 50 mg | $57.00 $159.00 $275.00 $678.00 | 37 | |
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) interacts with its G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), which can activate adenylate cyclase, increase cAMP levels, and activate PKA. PKA may then activate YPEL4 through phosphorylation. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $260.00 $350.00 $500.00 | 34 | |
3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) is a non-selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, enzymes that degrade cAMP. By preventing cAMP degradation, IBMX indirectly increases cAMP and PKA activity, which may lead to the activation of YPEL4. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $99.00 $259.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor that can activate stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) like JNK. Activation of these kinases could lead to downstream effects that promote the activation of YPEL4. | ||||||
(−)-Epinephrine | 51-43-4 | sc-205674 sc-205674A sc-205674B sc-205674C sc-205674D | 1 g 5 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg | $41.00 $104.00 $201.00 $1774.00 $16500.00 | ||
Epinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors, which activate adenylate cyclase and increase cAMP levels, with a resultant activation of PKA that may phosphorylate and activate YPEL4. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $41.00 $132.00 $214.00 $500.00 $948.00 | 119 | |
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) is an activator of protein kinase C (PKC) which could phosphorylate substrates that interact with YPEL4, leading to its activation. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $78.00 $270.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that raises intracellular calcium levels, potentially activating calcium-dependent kinases which may phosphorylate and activate YPEL4. | ||||||
BAY 60-6583 | 910487-58-0 | sc-503262 | 10 mg | $210.00 | ||
BAY 60-6583 is a selective A2B adenosine receptor agonist, which can increase adenylate cyclase activity, enhance cAMP levels, and thereby activate PKA which could phosphorylate YPEL4, resulting in its activation. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $77.00 $216.00 | 18 | |
Rolipram is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), leading to increased cAMP levels in cells. Elevated cAMP activates PKA, which may then phosphorylate and activate YPEL4. | ||||||
Cilostazol | 73963-72-1 | sc-201182 sc-201182A | 10 mg 50 mg | $109.00 $322.00 | 3 | |
Cilostazol is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that results in increased levels of cAMP, which activates PKA. PKA could then phosphorylate YPEL4, leading to its activation. | ||||||