Tomm20l Activators
Chemical activators of Tomm20l operate through various mechanisms that disrupt mitochondrial function, leading to its activation. FCCP and DNP, as protonophores, dissipate the mitochondrial membrane potential by facilitating the translocation of protons across the mitochondrial membrane. This translocation disrupts the electrochemical gradient essential for ATP synthesis, resulting in a cellular response that includes the activation of Tomm20l to manage the altered mitochondrial dynamics. Similarly, CCCP, another protonophore, induces a comparable effect on the mitochondrial membrane potential, prompting a cellular response that involves the activation of Tomm20l as the cell attempts to restore normal mitochondrial function.
Oligomycin, Antimycin A, and Rotenone are inhibitors of different complexes within the electron transport chain. Oligomycin blocks ATP synthase, while Antimycin A and Rotenone inhibit complex III and I, respectively. These inhibitions lead to increased mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS production. This oxidative stress and alteration in membrane potential are signals for the activation of Tomm20l, as it is implicated in the cellular attempt to maintain energy production and manage oxidative damage. Atractyloside exerts its effects by inhibiting the ADP/ATP translocase, preventing the exchange of ADP and ATP across the mitochondrial membrane and precipitating an energy stress that activates Tomm20l. Valinomycin and Calcium Ionophore A23187, by disrupting the ionic balance across the mitochondrial membrane due to their ionophore activities, can also trigger the activation of Tomm20l. Valinomycin facilitates the transfer of potassium ions, whereas A23187 increases intracellular calcium levels, both influencing the mitochondrial membrane potential and necessitating the activation of Tomm20l. Additionally, Paraquat, through redox cycling, increases ROS production which can damage mitochondrial proteins, thereby activating Tomm20l as part of the mitochondrial response to oxidative stress. Finally, Zinc Pyrithione and Alpha-Lipoic Acid influence mitochondrial function through modulation of metal ion levels and bioenergetics, respectively, which can also lead to the activation of Tomm20l in response to these changes in the mitochondrial environment.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FCCP | 370-86-5 | sc-203578 sc-203578A | 10 mg 50 mg | $92.00 $348.00 | 46 | |
FCCP (Carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone) is a protonophore that uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. It disrupts the mitochondrial membrane potential, which can lead to the activation of mitochondrial associated proteins such as Tomm20l by attempting to re-establish the electrochemical gradient. | ||||||
Paraquat chloride | 1910-42-5 | sc-257968 | 250 mg | $149.00 | 7 | |
Paraquat is a redox cycling agent that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells. An increase in ROS can damage mitochondrial proteins, which can lead to the compensatory activation of Tomm20l as part of the mitochondrial response to oxidative stress. | ||||||
Rotenone | 83-79-4 | sc-203242 sc-203242A | 1 g 5 g | $89.00 $254.00 | 41 | |
Rotenone is an inhibitor of the mitochondrial complex I. Inhibition of complex I can increase the mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species production, which may lead to the activation of Tomm20l as a response to impaired mitochondrial function. | ||||||
Antimycin A | 1397-94-0 | sc-202467 sc-202467A sc-202467B sc-202467C | 5 mg 10 mg 1 g 3 g | $54.00 $62.00 $1642.00 $4600.00 | 51 | |
Antimycin A is an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex III. This inhibition can increase ROS production and alter mitochondrial membrane potential, which may trigger the activation of Tomm20l to counteract the disrupted mitochondrial function. | ||||||
Oligomycin | 1404-19-9 | sc-203342 sc-203342C | 10 mg 1 g | $146.00 $12250.00 | 18 | |
Oligomycin is an inhibitor of the mitochondrial ATP synthase (complex V). By inhibiting ATP synthesis, it can cause an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential, potentially activating Tomm20l as part of the cell's response to maintain ATP production. | ||||||
Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenylhydrazone | 555-60-2 | sc-202984A sc-202984 sc-202984B | 100 mg 250 mg 500 mg | $75.00 $150.00 $235.00 | 8 | |
CCCP is another protonophore that disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. The resulting stress on mitochondrial function can lead to the activation of proteins like Tomm20l to restore normal function. | ||||||
Valinomycin | 2001-95-8 | sc-200991 | 25 mg | $163.00 | 3 | |
Valinomycin is a potassium ionophore that disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential by facilitating the transport of K+ ions across the mitochondrial membrane. This disruption can activate Tomm20l as the protein responds to changes in ionic balance and membrane potential. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $54.00 $128.00 $199.00 $311.00 | 23 | |
Calcium Ionophore A23187 increases the intracellular calcium concentration, affecting mitochondrial calcium uptake. Elevated mitochondrial calcium can activate mitochondrial proteins, including Tomm20l, as they respond to calcium signaling. | ||||||
2,4-Dinitrophenol, wetted | 51-28-5 | sc-238345 | 250 mg | $58.00 | 2 | |
DNP acts as a protonophore, similar to FCCP, uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation by carrying protons across the mitochondrial membrane. This can activate Tomm20l as the protein reacts to a loss of membrane potential and the cell attempts to restore it. | ||||||
α-Lipoic Acid | 1077-28-7 | sc-202032 sc-202032A sc-202032B sc-202032C sc-202032D | 5 g 10 g 250 g 500 g 1 kg | $68.00 $120.00 $208.00 $373.00 $702.00 | 3 | |
Alpha-Lipoic Acid is known to influence mitochondrial bioenergetics and can activate mitochondrial enzymes involved in energy metabolism, which could lead to the activation of Tomm20l as part of the mitochondrial adaptive response to increased metabolic activity. | ||||||