Tβ-15a Activators
Tβ-15a, also known as Transforming Growth Factor β-15a, is a protein belonging to the Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) superfamily, playing pivotal roles in various biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and immune regulation. Tβ-15a is implicated in tissue development and homeostasis, where it exerts its effects through interaction with cell surface receptors and downstream signaling pathways. Functionally, Tβ-15a acts as a multifunctional cytokine, modulating cellular responses in a context-dependent manner. Its dysregulation has been associated with various pathological conditions, including cancer, fibrosis, and immune disorders.
Activation of Tβ-15a involves intricate mechanisms that regulate its synthesis, secretion, and interaction with cellular receptors. Tβ-15a is typically synthesized as an inactive precursor protein, which undergoes post-translational modifications, such as proteolytic cleavage or disulfide bond formation, to generate the biologically active form. Upon activation, Tβ-15a binds to specific cell surface receptors, including TGF-β receptors, initiating downstream signaling cascades that modulate gene expression and cellular responses. Activation of intracellular signaling pathways, such as Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways, contributes to the diverse biological effects of Tβ-15a. Additionally, crosstalk with other signaling networks, such as MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways, further amplifies its cellular responses. Overall, elucidating the mechanisms underlying Tβ-15a activation provides insights into its physiological functions and pathological implications, offering avenues for intervention in diseases associated with dysregulated TGF-β signaling.
SEE ALSO...
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $78.00 $153.00 $740.00 $1413.00 $2091.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin is a diterpene that directly stimulates adenylate cyclase, leading to an increase in cAMP levels. Elevated cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which can phosphorylate Tβ-15a, thereby enhancing its activity. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $41.00 $132.00 $214.00 $500.00 $948.00 | 119 | |
PMA is a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC). Activation of PKC has been linked to the phosphorylation of Tβ-15a, resulting in its increased activity. | ||||||
Ionomycin | 56092-82-1 | sc-3592 sc-3592A | 1 mg 5 mg | $78.00 $270.00 | 80 | |
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that increases intracellular calcium concentrations. Elevated calcium levels can activate calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK), which in turn can enhance the activity of Tβ-15a through phosphorylation. | ||||||
Insulin | 11061-68-0 | sc-29062 sc-29062A sc-29062B | 100 mg 1 g 10 g | $156.00 $1248.00 $12508.00 | 82 | |
Insulin activates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Akt kinase can phosphorylate various substrates, including Tβ-15a, leading to an increase in its activity. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $99.00 $259.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin is a potent activator of the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) pathway, also known as JNK pathway. Activation of JNK can lead to the phosphorylation and subsequent activation of Tβ-15a. | ||||||
Thapsigargin | 67526-95-8 | sc-24017 sc-24017A | 1 mg 5 mg | $136.00 $446.00 | 114 | |
Thapsigargin is a SERCA pump inhibitor that leads to an increase in cytosolic calcium levels, indirectly activating Tβ-15a through calcium-dependent pathways such as CaMK. | ||||||
D-erythro-Sphingosine-1-phosphate | 26993-30-6 | sc-201383 sc-201383D sc-201383A sc-201383B sc-201383C | 1 mg 2 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $165.00 $322.00 $570.00 $907.00 $1727.00 | 7 | |
D-erythro-Sphingosine-1-phosphate activates sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors, leading to the activation of various kinases, such as ERK, which can then phosphorylate and activate Tβ-15a. | ||||||
Calyculin A | 101932-71-2 | sc-24000 sc-24000A | 10 µg 100 µg | $163.00 $800.00 | 59 | |
Calyculin A is a serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor. By preventing the dephosphorylation of Tβ-15a, it can maintain Tβ-15a in a phosphorylated and active state. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $291.00 $530.00 $1800.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic Acid is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A. Inhibition of these phosphatases leads to increased phosphorylation levels of proteins, including Tβ-15a, resulting in enhanced activity. | ||||||
A23187 | 52665-69-7 | sc-3591 sc-3591B sc-3591A sc-3591C | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg | $55.00 $131.00 $203.00 $317.00 | 23 | |
A23187 is a calcium ionophore that increases intracellular calcium levels, similar to ionomycin. The rise in calcium can activate signaling pathways that enhance the phosphorylation and activity of Tβ-15a. | ||||||