PPEF-1 Activators
PPEF-1 Activators are a collection of chemical compounds that work to amplify the activity of the protein phosphatase PPEF-1 by influencing various cellular signaling pathways related to calcium dynamics and cAMP/cGMP levels. Forskolin, IBMX, Rolipram, Anagrelide, Vinpocetine, Tadalafil, Milrinone, and Zaprinast function by increasing the levels of cyclic nucleotides within the cell, thereby activating protein kinases such as PKA and PKG. These kinases phosphorylate a suite of proteins that are integral to calcium signaling, a key modulator of PPEF-1 activity. For instance, Rolipram inhibits PDE4 and raises cAMP levels, leading to PKA activation, which ultimately enhances the role ofPPEF-1 Activators are a collection of chemical compounds that work to amplify the activity of PPEF-1 by influencing various cellular signaling pathways related to calcium dynamics and cAMP/cGMP levels. Forskolin, IBMX, Rolipram, Anagrelide, Vinpocetine, Tadalafil, Milrinone, and Zaprinast function by increasing the levels of cyclic nucleotides within the cell, thereby activating protein kinases such as PKA and PKG. These kinases phosphorylate a suite of proteins that are integral to calcium signaling, a key modulator of PPEF-1 activity. For instance, Rolipram inhibits PDE4 and raises cAMP levels, leading to PKA activation, which ultimately enhances the role of PPEF-1 as a calcium-calmodulin-dependent phosphatase. Similarly, Tadalafil's inhibition of PDE5 results in raised cGMP levels, potentially leading to the activation of PKG pathways that work in concert with PPEF-1's regulatory function in calcium signaling.
Furthermore, Nicotinamide riboside, by serving as a precursor for NAD+, supports the function of sirtuins, which can modify proteins in the calcium signaling pathway, thus indirectly encouraging PPEF-1 activity. Calmidazolium chloride acts as a calmodulin antagonist, influencing the same pathway to potentially upregulate PPEF-1's activity. Curcumin exerts its effects by modulating multiple signaling pathways, including those involved in calcium flux, thus suggesting a possible enhancement of PPEF-1's phosphatase activity. Lastly, EGTA, by chelating extracellular calcium, can modulate the calcium signaling cascade, affecting PPEF-1 indirectly.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin increases intracellular levels of cAMP, which in turn activates PKA. PKA then phosphorylates proteins involved in calcium signaling pathways where PPEF-1 is known to function as a calmodulin-dependent phosphatase. Enhanced calcium signaling can lead to increased PPEF-1 activity. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $159.00 $315.00 $598.00 | 34 | |
IBMX is a non-specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, which prevents the breakdown of cAMP and cGMP, leading to their accumulation. Elevated levels of cAMP will activate PKA and can enhance the PPEF-1 activity due to PPEF-1's sensitivity to calcium-calmodulin signaling. | ||||||
Nicotinamide riboside | 1341-23-7 | sc-507345 | 10 mg | $411.00 | ||
Nicotinamide riboside is a precursor in the biosynthesis of NAD+, which is essential for sirtuin enzymes that modify proteins involved in calcium signaling. Increased NAD+ levels can augment sirtuin activity, potentially enhancing the calcium signaling pathways where PPEF-1 operates. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $75.00 $212.00 | 18 | |
Rolipram selectively inhibits PDE4, leading to increased cAMP levels within the cell. Elevated cAMP activates PKA, which can then phosphorylate proteins involved in calcium signaling, indirectly enhancing PPEF-1 activity. | ||||||
Calmidazolium chloride | 57265-65-3 | sc-201494 sc-201494A | 10 mg 50 mg | $153.00 $600.00 | 27 | |
Calmidazolium chloride is a calmodulin antagonist that can influence calcium-signaling pathways by preventing the activation of calmodulin-dependent enzymes. This modulation can lead to an upregulation of calcium signaling, potentially enhancing the activity of PPEF-1, which is a calmodulin-dependent phosphatase. | ||||||
Zaprinast (M&B 22948) | 37762-06-4 | sc-201206 sc-201206A | 25 mg 100 mg | $103.00 $245.00 | 8 | |
Zaprinast is a selective inhibitor of PDE5, which catalyzes the breakdown of cGMP. By inhibiting PDE5, zaprinast increases cGMP levels, which can indirectly activate PKG pathways influencing calcium signaling, thereby potentially enhancing PPEF-1 activity. | ||||||
Anagrelide hydrochloride | 58579-51-4 | sc-203513 sc-203513A | 10 mg 50 mg | $103.00 $587.00 | 1 | |
Anagrelide inhibits PDE3, which leads to increased cAMP levels. This can indirectly enhance the PPEF-1 activity through the activation of PKA and subsequent phosphorylation of proteins involved in PPEF-1-associated calcium signaling pathways. | ||||||
Vinpocetine | 42971-09-5 | sc-201204 sc-201204A sc-201204B | 20 mg 100 mg 15 g | $55.00 $214.00 $2400.00 | 4 | |
Vinpocetine is a PDE1 inhibitor that increases cAMP and cGMP levels in the brain, leading to the activation of PKA and PKG, which may phosphorylate proteins involved in calcium signaling, consequently enhancing PPEF-1 activity. | ||||||
Tadalafil | 171596-29-5 | sc-208412 | 50 mg | $176.00 | 13 | |
Tadalafil selectively inhibits PDE5, increasing cGMP levels, which could activate PKG and influence calcium signaling pathways. This may lead to the enhanced activity of PPEF-1, as it is responsive to changes in calcium-dependent processes. | ||||||
Milrinone | 78415-72-2 | sc-201193 sc-201193A | 10 mg 50 mg | $162.00 $683.00 | 7 | |
Milrinone is a potent PDE3 inhibitor, which leads to an increase in intracellular cAMP and activation of PKA. This elevation in cAMP and subsequent PKA activity can enhance the calcium signaling pathways where PPEF-1 is active. | ||||||