P2X5 Inhibitors

The P2X purinoreceptors, also known as P2X receptors, are a family of ligand-gated ion channels that play a crucial role in mediating extracellular ATP (adenosine triphosphate) signaling. These receptors are found in various tissues and cell types throughout the body, including the nervous system, immune system, and several organs. P2X receptors are composed of three subunits, typically referred to as P2X1 through P2X7. Each subunit consists of two transmembrane domains (TM1 and TM2), a large extracellular loop, and intracellular N- and C-termini. The three subunits come together to form a homo- or heterotrimeric complex, with the most common forms being homotrimers (e.g., P2X1 trimer) or heterotrimers (e.g., P2X2/3 trimer). The subunit composition determines the functional properties and pharmacological characteristics of the receptor. P2X receptors are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including neurotransmission, neuromodulation, immune responses, inflammation, and pain perception. In the nervous system, P2X receptors are expressed by neurons and glial cells, where they contribute to synaptic transmission, regulation of neuronal excitability, and modulation of synaptic plasticity. In the immune system, these receptors are found on immune cells such as macrophages, T cells, and dendritic cells, and they participate in immune cell activation, cytokine release, and regulation of the inflammatory response. P2X purinoreceptors are a family of ligand-gated ion channels that respond to extracellular ATP. They are widely expressed throughout the body and play critical roles in numerous physiological processes. Understanding the structure and function of these receptors has the potential to make new scientific discoveries for various diseases and conditions. P2X5 inhibitors offered by Santa Cruz Biotechnology inhibit P2X5 and, in some cases, other purinoreceptors.