OR4X1 Activators
OR4X1 operate through various pathways to enhance the protein's activity by increasing intracellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP), a pivotal messenger in signal transduction processes. Forskolin, by directly stimulating adenylyl cyclase, raises cAMP levels within the cells, thereby activating protein kinase A (PKA). This enzyme plays a crucial role in phosphorylating OR4X1. Similarly, isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, and salbutamol, along with terbutaline, both beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, enhance adenylyl cyclase activity, which also results in elevated levels of cAMP and subsequent activation of PKA, leading to the activation of OR4X1. Epinephrine, another beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, operates on the same pathway. Additionally, dopamine and adenosine act upon their respective G protein-coupled receptors to increase cAMP production, thereby activating PKA and influencing the activity of OR4X1.
Certain chemicals inhibit the degradation of cAMP, thereby sustaining its action and indirectly promoting the activation of OR4X1. IBMX and rolipram achieve this by inhibiting phosphodiesterases, with rolipram being selective for phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4). This inhibition leads to an accumulation of cAMP within the cell and enhanced activation of PKA, which in turn, activates OR4X1. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) engages with its own G protein-coupled receptor to raise cAMP levels, which is another route to PKA activation and subsequent OR4X1 activity. Histamine, by activating its G protein-coupled receptors, can also lead to increased cAMP and PKA activation, influencing OR4X1 activity. Lastly, glucagon, through its receptor, contributes to the raised intracellular cAMP, facilitating the activation of PKA and thus, the activation of OR4X1. Each chemical, through its unique interaction with cellular pathways, ensures the activation of OR4X1, highlighting the complexity and specificity of cellular signal transduction.
SEE ALSO...
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $28.00 $38.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol is a beta-adrenergic agonist that can increase intracellular cAMP by activating adenylyl cyclase through G protein-coupled receptor signaling. The resulting activation of PKA may lead to the phosphorylation and activation of OR4X1. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $260.00 $350.00 $500.00 | 34 | |
3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) inhibits phosphodiesterases, which degrade cAMP. The accumulation of cAMP can activate PKA, potentially leading to the phosphorylation and activation of OR4X1. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $77.00 $216.00 | 18 | |
Rolipram is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), leading to an increase in cAMP levels. This increase can enhance PKA activation, which could phosphorylate and activate OR4X1. | ||||||
PGE2 | 363-24-6 | sc-201225 sc-201225C sc-201225A sc-201225B | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 50 mg | $57.00 $159.00 $275.00 $678.00 | 37 | |
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) binds to its G protein-coupled receptor, which can lead to an increase in cAMP levels through adenylyl cyclase activation. Elevated cAMP may activate PKA, potentially resulting in the activation of OR4X1. | ||||||
(−)-Epinephrine | 51-43-4 | sc-205674 sc-205674A sc-205674B sc-205674C sc-205674D | 1 g 5 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg | $41.00 $104.00 $201.00 $1774.00 $16500.00 | ||
Epinephrine interacts with beta-adrenergic receptors, stimulating adenylyl cyclase and increasing cAMP levels. The activation of PKA that follows could lead to phosphorylation and activation of OR4X1. | ||||||
Dopamine | 51-61-6 | sc-507336 | 1 g | $290.00 | ||
Dopamine can bind to its G protein-coupled receptors, leading to cAMP production and PKA activation, which might directly lead to the phosphorylation and subsequent activation of OR4X1 in olfactory receptor neurons. | ||||||
Histamine, free base | 51-45-6 | sc-204000 sc-204000A sc-204000B | 1 g 5 g 25 g | $94.00 $283.00 $988.00 | 7 | |
Histamine can activate its G protein-coupled receptors, potentially resulting in the elevation of cAMP and activation of PKA, which could phosphorylate and activate OR4X1. | ||||||
Salbutamol | 18559-94-9 | sc-253527 sc-253527A | 25 mg 50 mg | $94.00 $141.00 | ||
Salbutamol is a beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist that increases cAMP production. This can stimulate PKA activity, potentially leading to the phosphorylation and activation of OR4X1. | ||||||
Terbutaline Hemisulfate | 23031-32-5 | sc-204911 sc-204911A | 1 g 5 g | $92.00 $378.00 | 2 | |
Terbutaline acts as a beta-2 adrenergic agonist, increasing intracellular cAMP and activating PKA, which could result in the phosphorylation and subsequent activation of OR4X1. | ||||||
Adenosine | 58-61-7 | sc-291838 sc-291838A sc-291838B sc-291838C sc-291838D sc-291838E sc-291838F | 1 g 5 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 5 kg 10 kg | $34.00 $48.00 $300.00 $572.00 $1040.00 $2601.00 $4682.00 | 1 | |
Adenosine can activate its G protein-coupled receptors, which may lead to increased intracellular cAMP levels and PKA activation, potentially leading to the activation of OR4X1. | ||||||