OR4A15 Activators
Chemical activators of OR4A15 can initiate a cascade of intracellular events leading to its activation through various mechanisms that involve the modulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels within olfactory sensory neurons. Isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, engages beta-adrenergic receptors to elevate cAMP production, setting off the signal transduction that activates OR4A15. Forskolin directly stimulates adenylyl cyclase, the enzyme responsible for converting ATP to cAMP, thereby raising the levels of this secondary messenger and facilitating the activation of OR4A15. Similarly, IBMX functions by inhibiting phosphodiesterases, which are the enzymes tasked with cAMP breakdown. This inhibition results in an accumulation of cAMP within the cell, prolonging the active signaling state that can lead to OR4A15 activation.
Endogenous catecholamines such as epinephrine and norepinephrine bind to and stimulate adrenergic receptors, resulting in increased cAMP levels and subsequent OR4A15 activation. Dopamine, although primarily recognized for its role in neurotransmission, can also interact with adrenergic receptors influencing cAMP production and thereby exerting an effect on OR4A15. Histamine, upon binding to H2 receptors, and adenosine, through interaction with A2 receptors, both trigger a rise in intracellular cAMP, contributing to the activation process of OR4A15. Prostaglandin E2 connects with EP2 and EP4 receptors, and glucagon with its own receptor; each of these interactions induces a cAMP upsurge, which cascades down to OR4A15 activation. Finally, cholera toxin and PACAP-38, by their respective mechanisms, lead to a sustained increase in cAMP, promoting a continuous activation state of OR4A15. These various chemicals, by influencing the cAMP signaling pathway, regulate the activation of OR4A15 within the olfactory system.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $28.00 $38.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol is a synthetic catecholamine and beta-adrenergic agonist that can activate the adrenergic receptors, which may lead to a cascade effect activating OR4A15 through cAMP-dependent pathways, as olfactory receptors are known to couple with G-proteins that can be sensitive to cAMP levels. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $260.00 $350.00 $500.00 | 34 | |
3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) is a non-specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, enzymes that break down cAMP. By preventing cAMP degradation, IBMX can indirectly enhance the activation of OR4A15 via sustained cAMP levels that promote G-protein signaling. | ||||||
(−)-Epinephrine | 51-43-4 | sc-205674 sc-205674A sc-205674B sc-205674C sc-205674D | 1 g 5 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg | $41.00 $104.00 $201.00 $1774.00 $16500.00 | ||
Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is an endogenous catecholamine that interacts with beta-adrenergic receptors leading to increased cAMP production within cells. This can indirectly support the activation of OR4A15 through enhanced G-protein-mediated olfactory signaling. | ||||||
L-Noradrenaline | 51-41-2 | sc-357366 sc-357366A | 1 g 5 g | $326.00 $485.00 | 3 | |
Norepinephrine is another endogenous catecholamine with beta-adrenergic agonist activity, which can increase cAMP levels and thereby support the activation of OR4A15 through G-protein-coupled receptor pathways. | ||||||
Dopamine | 51-61-6 | sc-507336 | 1 g | $290.00 | ||
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that can activate adrenergic receptors, particularly D2-like receptors which can influence cAMP production and potentially activate OR4A15 through modulatory effects on G-protein signaling. | ||||||
Histamine, free base | 51-45-6 | sc-204000 sc-204000A sc-204000B | 1 g 5 g 25 g | $94.00 $283.00 $988.00 | 7 | |
Histamine can bind to H2 receptors which are coupled to Gs proteins, leading to increased cAMP production within the cell and subsequent activation of OR4A15 through the olfactory G-protein signaling cascade. | ||||||
Adenosine | 58-61-7 | sc-291838 sc-291838A sc-291838B sc-291838C sc-291838D sc-291838E sc-291838F | 1 g 5 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 5 kg 10 kg | $34.00 $48.00 $300.00 $572.00 $1040.00 $2601.00 $4682.00 | 1 | |
Adenosine interacts with A2 receptors, which are G-protein-coupled receptors that increase intracellular cAMP levels, thereby contributing to the functional activation of OR4A15 through this secondary messenger system. | ||||||
PGE2 | 363-24-6 | sc-201225 sc-201225C sc-201225A sc-201225B | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 50 mg | $57.00 $159.00 $275.00 $678.00 | 37 | |
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) interacts with EP2 and EP4 receptors which are G-protein-coupled receptors that can increase cAMP in the cell, potentially leading to the activation of OR4A15 through this signaling mechanism. | ||||||