MPND Activators
MPND contribute to its activation through various pathways, primarily involving the elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. Forskolin, a diterpene from the Indian plant Coleus forskohlii, directly stimulates adenylyl cyclase, the enzyme responsible for converting ATP to cAMP. This increase in cAMP levels facilitates the activation of protein kinase A (PKA). PKA, in turn, phosphorylates the MPND protein, which is a crucial step in its activation. Similarly, Isoproterenol, a synthetic beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, and Epinephrine, a naturally occurring hormone and neurotransmitter, bind to beta-adrenergic receptors, initiating a G-protein-coupled response that leads to adenylyl cyclase activation and a subsequent rise in cAMP. This cascade also results in the activation of PKA and phosphorylation of MPND. Terbutaline and Salbutamol, both beta2-adrenergic agonists, operate through similar mechanisms, culminating in the activation of MPND.
PGE1 (Prostaglandin E1) and Adenosine, engage with G-protein-coupled receptors specific to them, namely E-prostanoid and A2 receptors, respectively. The binding of these chemicals to their receptors similarly results in the activation of adenylyl cyclase and an increase in cAMP levels, leading to PKA activation and phosphorylation of MPND. Histamine, which interacts with H2 receptors, and Dopamine, through D1-like receptors, also elevate cAMP levels via the same G-protein-coupled mechanism, resulting in PKA-mediated activation of MPND. Additionally, Glucagon, a hormone, binds to its receptor and activates MPND through a cAMP and PKA-dependent pathway. Compounds like IBMX and Rolipram enhance cAMP levels indirectly by inhibiting phosphodiesterases, the enzymes that degrade cAMP. The resultant increase in cAMP leads to the sustained activation of PKA, which then phosphorylates and activates MPND. These diverse chemical activators, despite different initial targets or mechanisms, converge on a common pathway involving cAMP and PKA to activate MPND.
| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $28.00 $38.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, binds to beta-adrenergic receptors leading to G-protein activation. This in turn activates adenylyl cyclase, increasing intracellular cAMP levels and activating PKA, which can phosphorylate and activate MPND. | ||||||
PGE1 (Prostaglandin E1) | 745-65-3 | sc-201223 sc-201223A | 1 mg 10 mg | $31.00 $145.00 | 16 | |
PGE1 binds to its G-protein-coupled E-prostanoid receptors which activate adenylyl cyclase. The upsurge in cAMP levels results in PKA activation and subsequent phosphorylation of MPND, leading to its activation. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $260.00 $350.00 $500.00 | 34 | |
IBMX is a non-selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, enzymes that degrade cAMP. By preventing cAMP degradation, IBMX indirectly raises cAMP levels, leading to PKA activation and potential phosphorylation and activation of MPND. | ||||||
Histamine, free base | 51-45-6 | sc-204000 sc-204000A sc-204000B | 1 g 5 g 25 g | $94.00 $283.00 $988.00 | 7 | |
Histamine can bind to H2 receptors, which are coupled to Gs proteins, leading to an increase in cAMP levels through the activation of adenylyl cyclase. This cascade can activate PKA, which then may lead to activation of MPND via phosphorylation. | ||||||
Dopamine | 51-61-6 | sc-507336 | 1 g | $290.00 | ||
Dopamine, through its action on D1-like receptors, can activate adenylyl cyclase, increasing cAMP levels and activating PKA, which could result in phosphorylation and activation of MPND. | ||||||
(−)-Epinephrine | 51-43-4 | sc-205674 sc-205674A sc-205674B sc-205674C sc-205674D | 1 g 5 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg | $41.00 $104.00 $201.00 $1774.00 $16500.00 | ||
Epinephrine interacts with beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to G-protein activation followed by adenylyl cyclase activation. The rise in cAMP levels can activate PKA, which could subsequently phosphorylate and activate MPND. | ||||||
Adenosine | 58-61-7 | sc-291838 sc-291838A sc-291838B sc-291838C sc-291838D sc-291838E sc-291838F | 1 g 5 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 5 kg 10 kg | $34.00 $48.00 $300.00 $572.00 $1040.00 $2601.00 $4682.00 | 1 | |
Adenosine, through A2 receptors, can activate adenylyl cyclase, leading to an increase in cAMP levels. This elevation could activate PKA, which can phosphorylate and activate MPND. | ||||||
Terbutaline Hemisulfate | 23031-32-5 | sc-204911 sc-204911A | 1 g 5 g | $92.00 $378.00 | 2 | |
Terbutaline, a beta2-adrenergic agonist, activates adenylyl cyclase through G-protein-coupled receptor signaling, increasing cAMP and activating PKA, which may lead to the phosphorylation and activation of MPND. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $77.00 $216.00 | 18 | |
Rolipram is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4, which degrades cAMP. By inhibiting this enzyme, rolipram increases cAMP levels, leading to PKA activation and potential downstream activation of MPND. | ||||||
Salbutamol | 18559-94-9 | sc-253527 sc-253527A | 25 mg 50 mg | $94.00 $141.00 | ||
Salbutamol, a beta2-adrenergic agonist, activates adenylyl cyclase via G-protein-coupled receptor signaling. This leads to increased cAMP levels and activation of PKA, which may phosphorylate and activate MPND | ||||||