MLK4 Activators
MLK4 Activators are compounds that directly or indirectly stimulate the functional activity of MLK4. Many of these compounds operate through pathways involving cAMP and PKA. Forskolin, Epinephrine, Isoproterenol, Sodium Fluoride, PGE2, Dopamine, Glucagon, and Pilocarpine all stimulate the production of cAMP, either directly or through G-protein coupled receptor activation. The increased cAMP can activate PKA, leading tothe phosphorylation and activation of MLK4. This highlights the central role of the cAMP-PKA pathway in the activation of MLK4, and how diverse compounds can converge on this pathway to influence MLK4 activity.
On the other hand, Rolipram, IBMX, and Cilostazol function by inhibiting phosphodiesterase enzymes, preventing the breakdown of cAMP and thereby increasing its levels. This results in the activation of PKA, which can then phosphorylate and activate MLK4. Interestingly, H-89, a PKA inhibitor, can indirectly lead to MLK4 activation by triggering compensatory mechanisms to restore PKA activity. This underscores the importance of maintaining the delicate balance of the cAMP-PKA pathway in cells, and how its perturbation can result in changes in MLK4 activity. Therefore, these MLK4 activators, despite their diverse structures and primary targets, ultimately enhance MLK4 activity by modulating the cAMP-PKA pathway.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $78.00 $153.00 $740.00 $1413.00 $2091.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly activates adenylate cyclase, which increases cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. Increased cAMP can activate Protein Kinase A (PKA), which can phosphorylate and activate MLK4. | ||||||
(−)-Epinephrine | 51-43-4 | sc-205674 sc-205674A sc-205674B sc-205674C sc-205674D | 1 g 5 g 10 g 100 g 1 kg | $41.00 $104.00 $201.00 $1774.00 $16500.00 | ||
Epinephrine can bind to beta-adrenergic receptors and activate the G-protein coupled receptor pathway, causing an increase in cAMP. The increased cAMP can activate PKA, which in turn, can phosphorylate and activate MLK4. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $28.00 $38.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic agonist that can increase cAMP levels by activating adenylate cyclase. The increased cAMP can activate PKA, which can then phosphorylate and activate MLK4. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $77.00 $216.00 | 18 | |
Rolipram inhibits phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), which breaks down cAMP. Inhibition of PDE4 increases cAMP levels, which can activate PKA and subsequently phosphorylate and activate MLK4. | ||||||
Sodium Fluoride | 7681-49-4 | sc-24988A sc-24988 sc-24988B | 5 g 100 g 500 g | $40.00 $46.00 $100.00 | 26 | |
Sodium Fluoride is a G-protein activator, which can stimulate the production of cAMP. The increased cAMP can activate PKA, which can subsequently phosphorylate and activate MLK4. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $260.00 $350.00 $500.00 | 34 | |
IBMX is a non-selective inhibitor of PDE, preventing the breakdown of cAMP. Increased cAMP levels can activate PKA, leading to the phosphorylation and activation of MLK4. | ||||||
PGE2 | 363-24-6 | sc-201225 sc-201225C sc-201225A sc-201225B | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 50 mg | $57.00 $159.00 $275.00 $678.00 | 37 | |
PGE2 binds to its G-protein coupled receptor, leading to increased cAMP production. The increased cAMP can activate PKA, which can subsequently phosphorylate and activate MLK4. | ||||||
Dopamine | 51-61-6 | sc-507336 | 1 g | $290.00 | ||
Dopamine can bind to D1-like dopamine receptors, stimulating adenylate cyclase activity and increasing cAMP levels. The increased cAMP can activate PKA, which can subsequently phosphorylate and activate MLK4. | ||||||
Glucagon trifluoroacetic acid salt | 9007-92-5 (free base) | sc-495801 | 1 mg | $480.00 | ||
Glucagon binds to its receptor, a G-protein coupled receptor, leading to an increase in cAMP. The increased cAMP can activate PKA, which can subsequently phosphorylate and activate MLK4. | ||||||
Cilostazol | 73963-72-1 | sc-201182 sc-201182A | 10 mg 50 mg | $109.00 $322.00 | 3 | |
Cilostazol is a PDE3 inhibitor that can increase intracellular cAMP levels. Increased cAMP can activate PKA, leading to the phosphorylation and activation of MLK4. | ||||||