MBNL2 Activators
Chemical activators of MBNL2 predominantly work by modulating intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides like cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP). These molecules are integral components of intracellular signaling pathways and have a variety of cellular effects, including the modulation of protein kinases and transcription factors. Forskolin, IBMX, 8-Br-cAMP, Rolipram, Dibutyryl-cAMP,and Rp-8-Br-cAMPs are all chemicals known for their ability to increase intracellular cAMP levels. Higher cAMP concentrations can activate Protein Kinase A (PKA), a kinase that phosphorylates diverse cellular proteins, including transcription factors like CREB. CREB, when activated, can regulate a multitude of genes, including those involved in the RNA splicing process, a key function of MBNL2. Therefore, the indirect activation of MBNL2 can be achieved through the modulation of these cAMP-based pathways.
Similarly, 8-CPT-cAMP and 8-PIP-cAMP are cAMP analogs that selectively activate exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPAC). EPAC proteins activate Rap1, a small GTPase that can influence multiple cellular pathways, again indirectly influencing MBNL2 activity. Sp-8-Br-cAMPs also increase intracellular cAMP levels and can consequently activate PKA, leading to an indirect influence on MBNL2 activity. On the other hand, 8-Br-cGMP and Sildenafil work by increasing intracellular cGMP levels. Increased cGMP can activate Protein Kinase G (PKG), which, like PKA, can influence several cellular proteins, including transcription factors and enzymes related to the RNA splicing process, thus indirectly activating MBNL2. Lastly, Dipyridamole, a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, can increase both cAMP and cGMP levels, activating both PKA and PKG. These kinases, in turn, can influence the activity of MBNL2. Overall, while there is currently no known direct chemical activator of MBNL2, these chemicals can indirectly influence MBNL2 activity through their effects on intracellular cyclic nucleotide levels, protein kinase activity, and transcription factor regulation.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin is a potent activator of adenylyl cyclases, leading to an increase in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. Elevated cAMP can activate Protein Kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates various cellular proteins. This includes factors that can indirectly modulate MBNL2 activity, such as CREB, a transcription factor known to regulate many genes including ones involved in the splicing process. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $159.00 $315.00 $598.00 | 34 | |
IBMX is a non-specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, enzymes that degrade cAMP and cyclic GMP (cGMP). By inhibiting these enzymes, IBMX increases intracellular cAMP and cGMP levels. This increase can modulate PKA activity, potentially leading to the indirect activation of MBNL2 through mechanisms similar to those described for Forskolin. | ||||||
8-Bromo-cAMP | 76939-46-3 | sc-201564 sc-201564A | 10 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $224.00 | 30 | |
Like Forskolin and IBMX, 8-Br-cAMP works to increase cAMP levels in cells. However, it does so as a membrane-permeable analog of cAMP itself, directly increasing intracellular cAMP levels and activating PKA. This activation can indirectly influence MBNL2 activity by affecting transcription factors regulated by PKA. | ||||||
Rolipram | 61413-54-5 | sc-3563 sc-3563A | 5 mg 50 mg | $75.00 $212.00 | 18 | |
Rolipram is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), leading to increased cAMP levels. Like the other cAMP-influencing chemicals, this increase can indirectly modulate MBNL2 activity through the actions of PKA on transcription factors. | ||||||
Dibutyryl-cAMP | 16980-89-5 | sc-201567 sc-201567A sc-201567B sc-201567C | 20 mg 100 mg 500 mg 10 g | $45.00 $130.00 $480.00 $4450.00 | 74 | |
Dibutyryl-cAMP is another cAMP analog that can directly increase intracellular cAMP levels. It can activate PKA, leading to indirect activation of MBNL2 via PKA's influence on factors modulating splicing. | ||||||
8-CPT-cAMP | 93882-12-3 | sc-201569 sc-201569A | 20 mg 100 mg | $85.00 $310.00 | 19 | |
8-CPT-cAMP is a site-selective cAMP analog that activates exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPAC), which are signaling proteins that can activate Rap1, a small GTPase. This activation can indirectly influence the activity of MBNL2. | ||||||
8-PIP-cAMP | 31357-06-9 | sc-257021 | 10 µmol | $471.00 | ||
Similar to 8-CPT-cAMP, 8-PIP-cAMP is a cAMP analog that selectively activates EPAC proteins, leading to Rap1 activation. This can indirectly influence MBNL2 activity. | ||||||
Rp-8-Br-cAMPS | 129735-00-8 | sc-3539A sc-3539 | 500 µg 1 mg | $194.00 $336.00 | 22 | |
Rp-8-Br-cAMPs is a cAMP analog that acts as a competitive inhibitor of cAMP-activated protein kinase (PKA). Despite being an inhibitor of PKA, it indirectly activates MBNL2 by altering cAMP levels and therefore the balance of PKA-regulated transcription factors. | ||||||
8-Bromo-cGMP | 51116-01-9 | sc-200316 sc-200316A | 10 mg 50 mg | $102.00 $347.00 | 7 | |
8-Br-cGMP is a membrane-permeable cGMP analog that increases intracellular cGMP levels, activating Protein Kinase G (PKG). PKG can indirectly influence MBNL2 activity by affecting transcription factors and enzymes related to the splicing process. | ||||||
Dipyridamole | 58-32-2 | sc-200717 sc-200717A | 1 g 5 g | $30.00 $100.00 | 1 | |
Dipyridamole is a non-specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, leading to an increase in both cAMP and cGMP levels. This increase can activate both PKA and PKG, which can indirectly modulate MBNL2 activity through their influence on transcription factors and splicing-related enzymes. | ||||||