LPO Activators

Lactoperoxidase (LPO) is a potent enzyme that is a part of the mammalian heme peroxidase family, which also encompasses myeloperoxidase (MPO) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO). It is predominantly found in mammalian milk, tears, saliva, and a range of other bodily fluids. LPO serves as a natural antibacterial and antiviral agent and plays a crucial role in the body's defense system. This is primarily achieved via its ability to catalyze the oxidation of various substrates by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), thereby producing reactive species capable of eliminating bacteria and other pathogens. The enzyme is thus an essential component in maintaining the body's homeostasis by warding off harmful microbes.

The expression of LPO can be influenced by a variety of chemical compounds. Certain compounds such as retinoic acid, Vitamin D3, and Vitamin E have been suggested to upregulate LPO expression. Retinoic acid, as a metabolite of vitamin A, is involved in cellular differentiation and growth processes and may stimulate LPO production. Vitamin D3, integral to calcium metabolism, could boost the production of antibacterial proteins like LPO. Vitamin E, recognized for its antioxidant capabilities, might trigger an increase in LPO synthesis as a cellular response to oxidative stress. Other compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and quercetin, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, could also induce the expression of LPO. Similarly, compounds like selenium (IV) oxide, sulforaphane, indole-3-carbinol, ferulic acid, and zinc sulfate, which are known for their roles in immune response, antioxidant activity, detoxification processes, and protein synthesis, respectively, might also stimulate the upregulation of LPO.