IL-17D Activators
IL-17D is a fascinating cytokine that belongs to the IL-17 family, which plays a critical role in the orchestration of inflammatory responses. Unlike its more extensively studied relatives, such as IL-17A and IL-17F, IL-17D's functions are less characterized, but emerging research suggests it shares the family's penchant for mediating immune responses. IL-17D is expressed in a variety of tissues, including skeletal muscle, brain, adipose tissue, and the kidneys. The expression of IL-17D is typically low under normal physiological conditions, but can be induced in response to certain environmental stimuli. The protein is thought to be involved in the body's defense mechanisms against pathogens by contributing to the recruitment and activation of neutrophils and other immune cells. The nuanced regulation of IL-17D expression hints at its potential involvement in complex biological processes and underscores the delicate balance the immune system must maintain to respond to threats without causing undue damage to the body's own tissues.
Several chemical activators can potentially induce the expression of IL-17D, highlighting the diverse mechanisms through which the immune system can be mobilized. For instance, microbial components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) are known to stimulate immune cells through specific receptor-mediated pathways, which can lead to the upregulation of various cytokines. Compounds such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) can mimic diacylglycerol and activate protein kinase C, which influences the transcription of genes implicated in immune responses. Moreover, dietary and environmental factors like resveratrol, curcumin, and sulforaphane have been recognized for their ability to stimulate the expression of genes through the activation of signaling pathways related to the body's defense mechanisms. Other molecules such as beta-glucans and quercetin can enhance immune activity by activating cellular responses, which might include the stimulation of IL-17D expression. These activators demonstrate the diverse array of signals that can trigger the immune system into action, and the resulting induction of cytokines like IL-17D is a testament to the complexity and adaptability of immune regulation.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lipopolysaccharide, E. coli O55:B5 | 93572-42-0 | sc-221855 sc-221855A sc-221855B sc-221855C | 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg 500 mg | $96.00 $166.00 $459.00 $1615.00 | 12 | |
LPS, a constituent of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, can initiate a strong immune response by activating macrophages and dendritic cells through the TLR4 pathway, which may lead to the upregulation of IL-17D as part of the cytokine storm. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA, known as a diester of phorbol and potent tumor promoter, can activate the PKC signaling cascade. This activation is known to play a role in the transcriptional activation of multiple genes, including those coding for cytokines, which could include IL-17D. | ||||||
Lipoteichoic acid | 56411-57-5 | sc-507479 | 5 mg | $248.00 | ||
LTA is a component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria that can trigger an immune response similar to LPS, but through the TLR2 receptor, leading to the activation of NF-κB and potentially stimulating the expression of IL-17D. | ||||||
Zymosan | 9010-72-4 | sc-296863 sc-296863A | 100 mg 1 g | $97.00 $587.00 | 1 | |
Zymosan, derived from the cell wall of yeast, can activate complement receptors and is known to stimulate macrophages and dendritic cells, which may lead to an increase in cytokine production, including the possible induction of IL-17D. | ||||||
Resveratrol | 501-36-0 | sc-200808 sc-200808A sc-200808B | 100 mg 500 mg 5 g | $60.00 $185.00 $365.00 | 64 | |
This plant-derived polyphenolic compound is found in red wine and is known to induce the expression of genes involved in the stress response and apoptosis through activation of SIRT1, which could extend to the induction of IL-17D. | ||||||
Curcumin | 458-37-7 | sc-200509 sc-200509A sc-200509B sc-200509C sc-200509D sc-200509F sc-200509E | 1 g 5 g 25 g 100 g 250 g 1 kg 2.5 kg | $36.00 $68.00 $107.00 $214.00 $234.00 $862.00 $1968.00 | 47 | |
Curcumin, the principal curcuminoid of the spice turmeric, has been shown to enhance the transcriptional activity of genes involved in the innate immune response, potentially stimulating an increase in IL-17D expression through its activity on transcription factors. | ||||||
D,L-Sulforaphane | 4478-93-7 | sc-207495A sc-207495B sc-207495C sc-207495 sc-207495E sc-207495D | 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 1 g 10 g 250 mg | $150.00 $286.00 $479.00 $1299.00 $8299.00 $915.00 | 22 | |
DL-Sulforaphane, a compound within the isothiocyanate group of organosulfur compounds, can activate antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated gene expression, which might lead to the upregulation of immune-related cytokines, possibly including IL-17D. | ||||||
Quercetin | 117-39-5 | sc-206089 sc-206089A sc-206089E sc-206089C sc-206089D sc-206089B | 100 mg 500 mg 100 g 250 g 1 kg 25 g | $11.00 $17.00 $108.00 $245.00 $918.00 $49.00 | 33 | |
Quercetin, a flavonoid present in many fruits and vegetables, is known to exert a stimulatory effect on the immune system by promoting the expression of genes involved in the host defense, which could include the upregulation of IL-17D. | ||||||
Cholecalciferol | 67-97-0 | sc-205630 sc-205630A sc-205630B | 1 g 5 g 10 g | $70.00 $160.00 $290.00 | 2 | |
Vitamin D3, or cholecalciferol, can modulate innate and adaptive immune responses, with nuclear receptors that can stimulate the transcription of defense-related genes, potentially leading to the upregulation of IL-17D. | ||||||
Retinoic Acid, all trans | 302-79-4 | sc-200898 sc-200898A sc-200898B sc-200898C | 500 mg 5 g 10 g 100 g | $65.00 $319.00 $575.00 $998.00 | 28 | |
Retinoic acid, a metabolite of vitamin A, plays a crucial role in immune function and has been shown to stimulate gene expression in immune cells, which may include the upregulation of IL-17D as part of its immunomodulatory effects. | ||||||