HIT-40 Activators
HIT-40 include a variety of compounds that modulate cellular signaling pathways leading to the phosphorylation and activation of this protein. Forskolin directly stimulates adenylyl cyclase, thereby raising intracellular cAMP levels, which in turn, activate protein kinase A (PKA). PKA is known for its role in phosphorylating various proteins, and it can phosphorylate HIT-40, enhancing its activity. Similarly, IBMX increases cAMP and cGMP levels by inhibiting phosphodiesterases, which can also lead to the activation of PKA or protein kinase G (PKG), and subsequently, the activation of HIT-40. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) achieves a similar outcome by binding to its receptors and stimulating adenylyl cyclase, which elevates cAMP levels and activates PKA, potentially leading to HIT-40 activation. Isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, also raises cAMP levels via adenylyl cyclase, and the subsequent PKA activation can phosphorylate and activate HIT-40.
HIT-40 activity can occur through other mechanisms. Anisomycin, which inhibits protein synthesis, can activate stress-activated protein kinases like JNK that may target HIT-40 for phosphorylation. Okadaic Acid and Calyculin A, inhibitors of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A, prevent dephosphorylation of proteins, which could lead to sustained phosphorylation and activation of HIT-40. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) activates protein kinase C (PKC), which phosphorylates a broad array of cellular proteins, one of which may be HIT-40. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and insulin both trigger receptor tyrosine kinase signaling cascades that lead to the activation of multiple intracellular pathways, including those that can phosphorylate and activate HIT-40. Ouabain, by inhibiting the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase pump, influences intracellular ion concentrations and can activate pathways that might result in HIT-40 activation. Lastly, Capsaicin activates TRPV1 receptors, causing calcium influx and the activation of calcium-dependent kinases that can phosphorylate various proteins, including potentially HIT-40.
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| Product Name | CAS # | Catalog # | QUANTITY | Price | Citations | RATING |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forskolin | 66575-29-9 | sc-3562 sc-3562A sc-3562B sc-3562C sc-3562D | 5 mg 50 mg 1 g 2 g 5 g | $76.00 $150.00 $725.00 $1385.00 $2050.00 | 73 | |
Forskolin directly activates adenylyl cyclase, resulting in an increase in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. Elevated cAMP levels can lead to the activation of protein kinase A (PKA), which may phosphorylate HIT-40, thereby enhancing its activity. | ||||||
IBMX | 28822-58-4 | sc-201188 sc-201188B sc-201188A | 200 mg 500 mg 1 g | $159.00 $315.00 $598.00 | 34 | |
IBMX acts as a non-selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, leading to increased cAMP and cGMP levels in cells. This accumulation of cyclic nucleotides can activate PKA or PKG, respectively, which may then phosphorylate and activate HIT-40. | ||||||
PGE2 | 363-24-6 | sc-201225 sc-201225C sc-201225A sc-201225B | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 50 mg | $56.00 $156.00 $270.00 $665.00 | 37 | |
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) binds to its G protein-coupled receptors, which can stimulate adenylyl cyclase, raising intracellular cAMP levels, subsequently activating PKA. PKA activation can lead to subsequent phosphorylation and activation of HIT-40. | ||||||
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride | 51-30-9 | sc-202188 sc-202188A | 100 mg 500 mg | $27.00 $37.00 | 5 | |
Isoproterenol is a synthetic catecholamine that acts as an agonist for beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to the activation of adenylyl cyclase and an increase in cAMP levels. The rise in cAMP activates PKA, which may target HIT-40 for phosphorylation and activation. | ||||||
Anisomycin | 22862-76-6 | sc-3524 sc-3524A | 5 mg 50 mg | $97.00 $254.00 | 36 | |
Anisomycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor that can activate stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs), such as JNK. These kinases can phosphorylate transcription factors and other downstream proteins, which might include HIT-40, leading to its activation. | ||||||
Okadaic Acid | 78111-17-8 | sc-3513 sc-3513A sc-3513B | 25 µg 100 µg 1 mg | $285.00 $520.00 $1300.00 | 78 | |
Okadaic acid is a potent inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A, leading to increased phosphorylation levels of cellular proteins. By inhibiting the dephosphorylation, okadaic acid may lead to the sustained phosphorylation and activation of HIT-40. | ||||||
PMA | 16561-29-8 | sc-3576 sc-3576A sc-3576B sc-3576C sc-3576D | 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg 100 mg | $40.00 $129.00 $210.00 $490.00 $929.00 | 119 | |
PMA activates protein kinase C (PKC), which is involved in the phosphorylation of a wide range of cellular targets. Activation of PKC could lead to the phosphorylation and activation of HIT-40. | ||||||
Calyculin A | 101932-71-2 | sc-24000 sc-24000A | 10 µg 100 µg | $160.00 $750.00 | 59 | |
Similar to okadaic acid, calyculin A is an inhibitor of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A. It can lead to hyperphosphorylation of cellular proteins, potentially resulting in the activation of HIT-40 through prevention of its dephosphorylation. | ||||||
Insulin | 11061-68-0 | sc-29062 sc-29062A sc-29062B | 100 mg 1 g 10 g | $153.00 $1224.00 $12239.00 | 82 | |
Insulin binds to the insulin receptor, leading to autophosphorylation and activation of receptor tyrosine kinases. Subsequent intracellular signaling cascades, including PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, can lead to the phosphorylation and activation of proteins within the cell. This cascade may result in the activation of HIT-40. | ||||||
Ouabain-d3 (Major) | sc-478417 | 1 mg | $506.00 | |||
Ouabain is a cardiac glycoside that inhibits the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase pump, leading to alterations in intracellular ion concentrations. This can activate signal transduction pathways including calcium signaling and the Src kinase pathway, potentially resulting in the phosphorylation and activation of HIT-40. | ||||||